*In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included support for all of the following EXCEPT

1. antitrust legislation.
2. monetary reform.
3. dollar diplomacy.
4. tariff reductions.
5. support for small business.

C

*Which statement best describes the contrasts between Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism progressivism?

1. Wilson's New Freedom emphasized small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets; while Roosevelt's New Nationalism favored continued consolidation of the trusts and labor unions, supplemented by the growth of federal regulatory agencies.
2. Wilson's New Freedom emphasized consolidation of trusts and labor unions; while Roosevelt favored advancing small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the open functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets.
3. Wilson's New Freedom favored a broad program of social welfare, including minimum-wage laws and social insurance; while Roosevelt's New Nationalism emphasized a faith in free-market competition, vigorously enforcing antitrust laws, and shunning social welfare proposals.
4. Roosevelt's New Nationalism favored placing key industries, such as the railroads and utilities, under government ownership; while Wilson's New Freedom advocated vigorous regulation of these key private industries.
5. Wilson's New Freedom emphasized the importance of maintaining protectionist high tariffs to protect domestic industry and promote economic growth, while Roosevelt favored lowering tariffs to promote trade and economic expansion.

A

*President Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following EXCEPT

1. a stubborn commitment to particular progressive principles and an aversion to pragmatic political compromise.
2. scorn for the ability of peoples in other countries to govern themselves.
3. a belief that the president should go over the heads of legislators and appeal to the sovereign people.
4. a belief in the central importance of mortality in politics.

B

*How did the Underwood Tariff Act reflect President Wilson's progressive goals

1. The law lowered tariff rates, and established the first graduated federal income tax.
2. In addition to lowering tariff rates, the act created an optional retirement system for workers.
3. The act lowered tariff rates and guaranteed equal treatment for men and women in employment.
4. The tariff was used only for increasing government revenue and not to protect American industry from competition.
5. The raising of the tariff provided protection for American farmers against subsidized foreign crop imports.

A

*What critical authority was given to the Federal Reserve Board by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 to permit quasi-public management of the banking and currency system?

1. The power to issue paper money and increase of decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates
2. The authority to close weak banks
3. The power to take the United States off the gold standard
4. The power to guarantee banking deposits against bank failures
5. The power to collect income taxes directly from employees' paychecks

A

*The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of the following practices EXCEPT

1. eliminating unfair and discriminatory trade practices.
2. outlawing unfair business competition and bribery.
3. prohibiting the sale of stocks without full disclosure.
4. prohibiting false and misleading advertising .
5. abolishing the mislabeling or adulterating of products.

C

*The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 accomplished all of the following EXCEPT

1. outlawing corporate interlocking directorates.
2. prohibiting price discrimination against different purchasers.
3. exempting labor unions and farm cooperatives from antitrust action.
4. further undercutting the monopolistic practices of big business.
5. providing long-term legal protection for unions to engage in organizing, collective bargaining, and strike activities.

E

*What presidential action illustrated the limits of Woodrow Wilson's progressivism?

1. Vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act
2. Opposing the entry of women into politics
3. Appointing the Jewish Louis D. Brandeis to the U.S. Supreme Court
4. Vetoing legislation to guarantee workers' compensation assistance to disabled federal employees
5. Accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy

E

*Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental overall approach to American foreign policy?

1. Imperialistic
2. Moralistic
3. Realistic
4. Isolationist
5. Balance of power

B

*Which of the following represented President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico?

1. Sending the U.S. armed forces to protect against Mexican nationalization of American businesses
2. Sending the U.S. Army to prevent Venustiano Carranza from becoming president of Mexico
3. Seizing the Mexican port of Veracruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta
4. Sending the U.S. Army to protect the vast Mexican landholdings of William Randolph Hearst
5. Sending General Pershing into Mexico to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa following the latter's border raids into New Mexico

C

*Which of the following had the most influence on America's growing trade with Britain and its reduction of trade with Germany during the period 1914-1916?

1. The British needed American goods and weapons, and the Germans did not.
2. More Americans sympathized with Britain than with Germany.
3. British agents sabotaged American businesses that traded with Germany.
4. American bankers such as J. P. Morgan were willing to loan money to Britain but not to Germany.
5. The British Navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes.

E

*Which of the following best characterizes the attitude of the large majority of Americans toward the outbreak of World War I in 1914?

1. Most Americans earnestly hoped to remain neutral and stay out of the war
2. Most Americans favored entering the war in support of the Allies.
3. Most Americans supported the cause of the Central Powers.
4. Most Americans wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations.
5. Most Americans favored direct U.S. diplomatic mediation of the conflict.

A

*What prompted German submarines to begin sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships in the Atlantic during the early years of World War I?

1. The United States' entry into the war in 1917
2. The British naval blockade of Germany
3. A strategic calculation designed to keep the United States out of the war
4. A change in international law permitting this new style of warfare
5. A last-ditch, desperate effort by Germany to win the war

B

*What dangerous contingency did Germany attach to its Sussex pledge not to attack unarmed neutral shipping during the years of the war?

1. Americans would have to refrain from sailing on British-owned passenger ships.
2. U-boats could capture merchant vessels if the submarines surfaced.
3. The American government would have to guarantee that passenger vessels were not secretly carrying military supplies.
4. The United States would have to persuade the Allies to end their blockade of Germany, or unrestricted submarine warfare would resume.
5. Woodrow Wilson would have to seek a fair, negotiated settlement of the war.

D

**Which of the following actions was NOT part of Wilson's "moral diplomacy"?

1. Granting the Philippines territorial status
2. Repealing the Panama Canal Tolls Act
3. Rescinding support for American investors in Latin America
4. Convincing the California legislature to soften its anti-Japanese stance
5. Dispatching Marines to Haiti to protect American lives and property

D

**Which of the following events is a result of the other four?

1. William Jennings Bryan supports Woodrow Wilson's candidacy
2. Roosevelt's "Bull Moose" party divides traditionally Republican voters
3. Woodrow Wilson wins the presidential election of 1912
4. New Jersey bosses propel Woodrow Wilson to the governorship
5. Woodrow Wilson offers voters a choice in political and economic philosophies

D

~Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been a

1. Presbyterian minister.
2. state governor.
3. Successful businessman.
4. Progressive Republican.
5. United States Senator.

B

~As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as

1. a mild conservative.
2. reactionary.
3. man who could readily work with Democratic party bosses.
4. social radical.
5. passionate reformer.

E

~In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included all of the following except a call for

1. antitrust legislation.
2. monetary reform.
3. dollar diplomacy.
4. tariff reductions.
5. support for small business.

C

~When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt's name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it

1. demonstrated that the Republican party supported woman suffrage.
2. ensured Roosevelt's defeat by William Howard Taft.
3. symbolized the rising political status of women.
4. showed that Roosevelt had lost touch with public opinion.
5. demonstrated his concern for international peace.

C

~Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism

1. pinned its economic faith on competition and the breakup of large monopolies.
2. opposed the growth of labor unions.
3. sought to raise tariffs to protect American industry.
4. supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business.
5. favored state rather than federal government activism.

D

~Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom

1. advocated social-welfare programs.
2. opposed fragmentation of big industrial combines.
3. favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship.
4. supported minimum-wage laws.
5. opposed banking and tariff reform.

C

~The 1912 presidential election was notable because

1. it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies.
2. personalities were the only issue of the campaign.
3. it was the first time women had the right to vote.
4. the Democratic party had split.
5. the Socialists competed as a serious third party.

A

~Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party.

1. Woodrow Wilson
2. Theodore Roosevelt
3. William Howard Taft
4. Eugene V. Debs

1. Socialist
2. Democratic
3. Republican
4. Progressive

1. a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3
2. a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2
3. a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
4. a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
5. a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

E

~According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was

1. socialism.
2. progressivism.
3. conservatism.
4. capitalism.
5. feminism.

B

~In 1912 Woodrow Wilson became the first ___ elected to the presidency since the Civil War.

1. person born in the South
2. Democrat
3. lawyer
4. non-Civil War veteran
5. Presbyterian

A

~Woodrow Wilson's attitude toward the masses can best be described as

1. open contempt.
2. public support but private dislike.
3. having faith in them if they were properly educated.
4. indifference.
5. trust in their natural common sense.

C

~Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following EXCEPT

1. faith in the masses.
2. scorn for the ideal of self-determination for minority peoples in other countries.
3. a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress.
4. a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislators to the sovereign people.
5. a belief in the moral essence of politics.

B

~As a politician, Woodrow Wilson was

1. clever and agile.
2. a showman, like Teddy Roosevelt.
3. a man with the common touch.
4. willing to compromise with his opponents.
5. inflexible and stubborn.

E

~Congress passed the Underwood Tariff because

1. big business favored its passage.
2. President Wilson aroused public opinion to support its passage.
3. the general public had been demanding a higher tariff.
4. the tariff kept the graduated income tax from being enacted.
5. Wilson gained Western support for tariff reduction.

B

~In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he

1. appointed members of his cabinet without regard to their party affiliation.
2. appointed a black man to the Supreme Court.
3. endorsed woman suffrage.
4. personally delivered his presidential address to Congress.
5. rode with his defeated predecessor to the inauguration.

D

~When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that the

1. large banks were scattered too widely around the country.
2. Bank of the United States had been greatly weakened.
3. banking system had been over-regulated by the federal government.
4. U.S. dollar was tied to gold.
5. currency was inelastic.

E

~When Congress passed the Underwood Tariff Bill in 1913, it intended the legislation to

1. lower tariff rates.
2. raise tariff rates.
3. eliminate tariffs as a source of revenue.
4. essentially maintain the existing tariff schedule.
5. aid American farmers.

A

~The Sixteenth Amendment provided for

1. a personal income tax.
2. direct election of senators.
3. prohibition.
4. woman suffrage.
5. abolition of child labor.

A

~The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking system through the final authority given to the

1. Secretary of the Treasury.
2. President of the United States.
3. United States Senate Banking Committee.
4. locally elected regional banks.
5. presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board.

E

~The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to

1. issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation.
2. close weak banks.
3. take the U.S. dollar off the gold standard.
4. collect income taxes directly from employees' paychecks.
5. establish government-owned public banks.

A

~The Clayton Anti-Trust Act

1. held that trade unions fell under the antimonopoly restraints of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
2. regarded labor as an article of commerce.
3. helped Congress to control interstate commerce.
4. explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.
5. exempted f m cooperatives from antitrust action.

D

~Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carter."

1. Federal Reserve Act
2. Underwood Tariff Act
3. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
4. Sixteenth Amendment
5. Workmen's Compensation Act

C

~The first Jew to sit on the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was

1. Felix Frankfurter.
2. Arsene Pujo.
3. Abraham Cahan.
4. Louis D. Brandeis.
5. Bernard Baruch.

D

~Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by

1. opposing workingmen's compensation
2. opposing the entry of women into politics.
3. vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act.
4. refusing to appoint the Jewish Louis D. Brandeis to the Federal Trade Commission.
5. accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

E

~Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct an anti-imperialist U.S. foreign policy were first undermined when he

1. withdrew support from American investors in Latin America and China.
2. repealed the Panama Canal Tolls Act.
3. sent American marines to Haiti.
4. promised eventual independence to the Philippines.
5. conducted a buildup of American military forces in Hawaii.

C

~Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's approach to American foreign policy diplomacy?

1. imperialistic
2. moralistic
3. realistic
4. balance-of-power
5. isolationist

B

~President Woodrow Wilson refused to intervene in the affairs of Mexico until

1. American business investors demanded protection.
2. Venustiano Carranza became president of Mexico.
3. American sailors were arrested in the port of Tampico.
4. William Randolph Hearst and his newspaper began a campaign for involvement.
5. Pancho Villa conducted raids into New Mexico.

C

~Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries EXCEPT

1. Haiti
2. the Dominican Republic
3. the Virgin Islands
4. Cuba
5. Mexico

D

~Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by

1. Porfirio Diaz.
2. Venustiano Carranza.
3. Pancho Villa.
4. Victoriano Huerta.
5. Emiliano Zapata.

D

~As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the ____, while Russia and France were among the ____

1. Central Powers; Holy Alliance
2. Central Powers; Triple Alliance
3. Allies; Central Powers
4. Triple Alliance; Central Powers
5. Central Powers; Allies

E

~From 1914 to 1916, trade between the United States and Britain

1. decreased considerably.
2. violated international neutrality laws.
3. was carried only on British ships.
4. was based on weapons shipments.
5. pulled the American economy out of a recession.

E

~With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans

1. earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.
2. favored entering the war in support of the Allies.
3. supported the Central Powers.
4. wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations.
5. favored U.S. mediation of the conflict.

A

~One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it

1. opened new markets in Germany and Austria-Hungary.
2. suffered severe business losses.
3. conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies.
4. turned more of its economic activity toward Latin America and Asia.
5. virtually ended American international trade.

C

~President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____.

1. Britain; repaying the loans made to it by American bankers
2. Britain; the disruption of American trade with the European continent
3. Germany; starting the war
4. Germany; fair treatment of civilians in Belgium
5. Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare

E

~German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning

1. when the United States entered the war.
2. in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany.
3. in an effort to keep the United States out of the war.
4. because international law now allowed this new style of warfare.
5. in a last ditch effort to win the war.

B

~Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines

1. Lusitania
2. Arabic
3. Sussex
4. Titanic
5. None of these was an American ship.

E

~The Progressive "Bull Moose" party died when

1. Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916.
2. Teddy Roosevelt lost the presidential race in 1916.
3. the United States entered World War I.
4. the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, advocated the same programs as Roosevelt.
5. Woodrow Wilson won over most Bull Moose voters.

A

~In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised

1. not to sink passenger ships.
2. to maintain the territorial integrity of France.
3. to halt its naval blockade of Britain.
4. to halt all submarine warfare.
5. not to sink passenger ships without warning.

E

~When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the

1. East Coast.
2. working class.
3. business community.
4. pro-war members of both parties.
5. new women voters.

B

~Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable surrounded by

1. military veterans.
2. Catholics.
3. political professionals.
4. journalists.
5. academic scholars.

E