What is the role of ribosomes?

make proteins

Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding?

valence electrons

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

Integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane

Which of the following describes why liver failure is a critical health emergency?

The liver filters digestion products and produces urea as waste.

Which of the following processes best describes how a signal travels across a nerve synapse?

chemical

Which of the following is a hormone that mediates the fight or flight response?

is a hormone that mediates the fight or flight response?epinephrine

Which of the following valves prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricle?

semilunar

Which of the following occurs to skeletal muscle as a result of acetylcholine released at the neuromuscular junction?

contraction

Which of the following is a portion of the brain that integrates nerve signals and hormonal secretions

hypothalamus

Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune system?

a. Antimicrobials

b. Mucus

c. Commensal Micro-organisms

d. B-Cells

d. B-Cells

Which of the following is a white blood cell that has the primary job of ingesting foreign material?

1. B-cell
2. Helper t-cell
3. Macrophage
4. Basophil

c. Macrophage

Which of the following stimulates the production of antibodies?

1. Immunoglobulin
2. Interferon
3. Vaccine
4. Cytokines

c. Vaccine

Which of the following types of defense can be gained through the placenta, breast milk, or by receiving a serum containing antibodies?

1. Cell-mediated immunity
2. Innate immunity
3. Passive immunity
4. Nonspecific response immunity

c. Passive immunity

Which of the following correctly describes the function of a structure in the circulatory system?

1. The aorta contains oxygen-poor blood
2. The pulmonary vein takes blood away from the heart
3. The pulmonary artery takes blood away from the lungs
4. The pulmonary artery contains oxygen -poor blood

d. The pulmonary artery contains oxygen -poor blood

Which of the following structures contain oxygen-rich blood?

1. Superior vena cava
2. Right ventricle
3. Right atrium
4. Pulmonary veins

d. Pulmonary veins

Which of the following terms refers to the part of the nervous system that causes skeletal muscle contractions?

1. Involuntary division
2. Somatic division
3. Autonomic division
4. Visceral division

b. Right ventricle

Which of the following terms refers to the part of the nervous system that causes skeletal muscle contractions?

1. Involuntary division
2. Somatic division
3. Autonomic division
4. Visceral division

b. Somatic division

Renal arteries are defined as?

1. Branches of the inferior vena cava that supply the kidneys
2. Ranches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys
3. Blood vessles that carry the blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava
4. Blood vessels that carry blood from the kidneys to the abdominal aorta

b. Ranches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys

Which of the following results from a deficit in the production of thyrotropin- releasing hormone?

1. There is an over production of thyroid-stimulating hormone
2. The thyroid gland becomes over active
3. And over production of growth hormone will cause excessive growth
4. The thyroid glad does not produce a sufficient amount of its primary hormone

d. The thyroid glad does not produce a sufficient amount of its primary hormone

Which of the following hormones is releases and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?

1. Follicle-stimulating
2. Glucagon
3. Oxytocin
4. Thyroid

c. Oxytocin

Which of the following is a mechanism that stimulates glander secretions to continue to increase, temporarily pushing further out of homeostasis, until particular biological effect is reached?

1. Thermoregulation
2. Negative feedback
3. Puberty
4. Positive feedback

D. Positive feedback

Which of the following provides a practical means of warming the body via integumental thermoregulation?

1. Cutaneous vasodilation
2. Sweating
3. Cutaneous vasoconstriction
4. Tensing of the arrector pili muscles

c. Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Which of the following structures transports female gametes?

1. Urethra
2. Vas deferens
3. Fallopian tube
4. Cervix

c. Fallopian tube

Which of the following describes the functions of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction?

1. Binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in the opening of sodium channels
2. Slows the action potential along the sarcolemma
3. Opens calcium channels in the axon terminal, which results in the release of sodium into the neuromuscular junction
4. Results in repolarization of sarcolemma

a. Binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in the opening of sodium channels

Which of the following is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

1. To Secrete neurotransmitters
2. To insulate axons
3. To produce melanin
4. To provide nutrition to cell bodies

B. To insulate axons

Which of the following is considered the fundamental contraction unit of striated muscle?

1. Sarcomere
2. Sarcolemma
3. Intercalated disk
4. I band

A. Sarcomere

Which of the following hormones inhibits osteoblasts and stimulates osteoclast to increase blood calcium levels?

1. Insulin
2. Parathyroid hormone
3. Oxytocin
4. Luteinizing hormone

B. Parathyroid hormone

According to the sliding filament theory, which ion binds with tropoin on the actin myofilaments, Causing the myosin-binding sites to be exposed?

1. Calcium
2. Sodium
3. Potassium
4. Magnesium

a. Calcium

Which of the following cell types can differentiate to become several other types of cell?

1. Stem cells
2. Gametocytes
3. Mast cells
4. Leukocytes

1. Stem cells

Viral Dna that has been inserted into the host dna would be found in which of the following?

1. Mitochondria
2. Vacuoles
3. nucleus
4. ribosomes

c. nucleus

Which of the following macromolecule groups contain enzymes?

1. Amino acids
2. Lipids
3. Protiens
4. Carbohydrates

c. Protiens

The direct transition from a solid to a gas may occur through which of the following?

1. Condensation
2. Deposition
3. Sublimation
4. Melting

c. Sublimation

In a redox reaction, the species in the reaction that loses an electron is ------, and the species that gaims the electron is -----

1. Reduced; dissociated
2. Oxidized; reduced
3. Oxidized ; denatured
4. Reduced; oxidized

b. Oxidized; reduced

What feature of the adaptive immune system decreases the amount of time it takes for the body to respond to a particular antigen?

1. Unbroken skin
2. Memory cells
3. Cytotoxic t-cells
4. Inflammation

B. Memory cells

Which of the following occurs in the cardiac cycle if the impulse triggered at the sinoatrial node never reaches the purkinje fibers of the heart?

1. The atria will not contract
2. There will be an absence of systole
3. The ventricles will not contract
4. Diastole will shorten in duration

c. The ventricles will not contract

One common example of a prokaryotic
cell?

Bacteria

What has negative charge?

Electrons

What is an atom called if it has
positive charge?

Cation

What must proteins be changed to
before they can be absorbed by cells?

Amino acids

Atoms with same # of _______ and
electrons but different # of ________
are isotopes.

Protons; neutrons

Molecules composed of amino acids
joined by peptide bounds are?

Proteins

Tiny finger like extensions of plasma
membrane that increase cell surface
area

Microvilli

Tiny air sacs in lungs where exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place are know as

Alveoli

Cellulose and glycogen are what type
of carb?

Polysaccharide

Glomerulus where waste products are
filtered from the ____?

Blood

Major arteries responsible for taking
blood to arms?

Brachial arteries

Where body nutrients absorbed into
body.

Small intestine

Purpose of kidney

Filter blood

In bone marrow, make proteins known
as antibodies

B-Lymphocytes

Is a macromolecule composed
predominately of hydrogen and carbon?

Lipid

Difference in saturated and
unsaturated fatty acid

Saturated no double bond but
unsaturated has double bond

What carry blood away from heart?

Arteries (A for away)

What carries blood away from the
body in order to exchange nutrients
oxygen and waste to tissues?

Capillaries

Heart muscle sends electrical impulses
that cause heart to contact.

Myocardium

Which heart chamber pushes oxygen
blood into aorta?

LV

Cardiovascular system the systemic
loop carries ____ blood from left
ventricle to body, returning ___ blood
to right atrium.

Oxygenated, deoxygenated

How are chromosomes in prophase?

Visibly separated

Alleles that are same type

Homozygous

what is combination of alleles?

Genotype

Physical appearance formed by genetics
and environment?

Phenotype

Function of ACTH

Cortisol

What responsible for producing
estrogen and progesterone?

Ovaries

what causes birthing contraction to
start at appropriate time?

Oxytocin

Pineal gland secretes and synthesizes
___?

Melatonin

Function of prolactin?

Milk production

Primary responsible for regulating
metabolism and energy

Thyroid gland

What release thyrotrophic growth
hormone release, corticotrophin and
gonadotropin?

Hyphthalamus

What produce growth hormone
prolactin , ACT, and luteinizing

Pituitary gland

What does antidiuretic hormone do?

Regulates body water

LH helps the body do what?

Regulate estrogen and testosterone

Endocrine system is a set of organs
secrete hormones directly into _____
system?

Cardiovascular

Primary responsibility of adrenal glands

Production and regulation of hormones

Ion that has extra electrons and
negative charge

Anion

Substance ph of 7

Neutral

Ph less than 7

Acid

A chemical bond in which electrons
pairs are shared between atom is

Covalent bond

Ph scale range from 0 to 14. Where 0
is more _____ and 14 is more ______

Acidic , basic

What bond is formed when two
oppositely charged ions are
electrostatically attached

Ionic bond

What increase a rate of reaction

Catalysts

# of protons in nucleus of an atom is
what number

Atomic number

What connects bone to muscle?

Tendon

1.) According to Mendel’s first law, what does an individual gamete contain?
a.) A gene.
b.) A pair of genes.
c.) One allele of a gene.
d.) A pair of alleles of the same gene

c.) One allele of a gene.

2.) Which of the following is both an exocrine and endocrine gland?
a.) Adrenal Glands
b.) Liver
c.) Thyroid Gland
d.) Parathyroid Glands

b.) Liver

93.) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by which gland in the body?
a.) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
b.) pineal gland
c.) anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
d.) thyroid gland

c.) anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

88.) Which layer of the skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerves?
a.) the basal layer
b.) the subcutaneous layer
c.) the epidermis
d.) the dermis

d.) the dermis

86.) The amount of air that is inhaled & exhaled during normal breathing?
a.) vital volume
b.) residual volume
c.) tidal volume
d.) maximal exhalation

c.) tidal volume

85.) An enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure is called?
a.) amylase
b.) maltase
c.) catalase
d.) renin

d.) renin

77.) During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a.) S phase
b.) G1 phase
c.) G2 phase
d.) M phase

a.) S phase

71.) Which of the answer choices provided best defines the following statement?
For a given mass & constant temperature, an inverse relationship exists between the volume
and pressure of a gas.
a.) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
b.) Boyle’s Law
c.) Charles’ Law
d.) Ideal Gas Law

b.) Boyle’s Law

64.) The gland in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, &
metabolic wastes?
a.) thyroid gland
b.) cartilage
c.) pineal gland
d.) adrenal gland

a.) thyroid gland

59.) The hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions, which draw with them
water, when BP drops is called?
a.) Luteinizing
b.) FSH
c.) insulin
d.) aldosterone

d.) aldosterone

63.) When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular reproduction?
a.) meiosis
b.) cytokinesis
c.) interphase
d.) mitosis

d.) mitosis

osteoclasts

Break down of bone, Crash

0steoblasts

Build bone

56.) A buildup of urea, a nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism in the body, is
most likely due to the failure of which organ system?
a.) Urinary
b.) Endocrine
c.) Digestive
d.) Immune

a.) Urinary

49.) _____ gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormones?
a.) Parathyroid gland
b.) Pineal gland
c.) Anterior Pituitary gland
d.) Thyroid gland

c.) Anterior Pituitary gland

45.) The parathyroid gland is an endocrine system gland located behind the thyroid gland.
What does the parathyroid gland help the body control?
a.) metabolism
b.) calcium & phosphorus levels
c.) carbohydrate & fat utilization
d.) blood sugar

b.) calcium & phosphorus levels

44.) In mitosis, the two resulting daughter cells are..?
a.) different from the parent cell & identical to each other.
b.) different from the parent cell & different from each other.
c.) identical to the parent cell & different from each other.
d.) identical to the parent cell & identical to each other.

d.) identical to the parent cell & identical to each other.

24.) Which cells within the pancreas release glucagon in response to low blood glucose
levels?
a.) Alpha cells
b.) Beta cells
c.) Leukocytes
d.) Erythrocytes

a.) Alpha cells

84.) The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts & the chambers pump
blood?
a.) diastole
b.) pericardium
c.) SA node
d.) systole

d.) systole