A recognized treatment option for migraine headaches includes certain of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

-Calcium channel blockers
-antidepressants
-a-blockers
-B-blockers

What is responsible for producing rheumatoid factor antibodies?

B cells

What are the early signs of Parkinson disease? (Select all that apply.)

-Minimal eye blinking
-loss of facial expressions

A client is diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. Which assessment data support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)

-Low back pain
-18 year old men

Which are a brainstem reflexes? (Select all that apply.)

-Oculovestibular reflex

-Pupil light response

-Corneal reflex

Which finding regarding symptoms is consistent with dementia?

Progressive change

An infant is born with a protrusion of a saclike structure in the lower portion of his back. What best describes this condition?

spina bifida cystica

Which statement is true regarding intracranial pressure (ICP)?

cerebrospinal fluid
brain tissue
blood

A 25-year-old athlete reports a sudden popping sound in the knee. This results in difficulty with weight bearing and acute swelling of the knee. This assessment data supports damage to which anatomic structure?

the anterior cruciate ligament

Established criteria for diagnosing fibromyalgia syndrome includes pain that

has been present for 3 months or more

A 60-year-old client reports pain in the knees. The client denies any previous infection or pain in the spine. The assessment data support a diagnosis of

Osteoarthritis

A motor vehicle accident has resulted in a fracture where the articular surfaces of the tibial surface and femoral condyles are no longer in contact with one another. Which term best describes this condition?

dislocation

Which disease is an Axis I disorder?

Seizure disorder
dementia
Parkinson disease
cerebral palsy
hydrocephalus

Which form of cerebral palsy is most likely to afflict the child diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia?

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

A patient has a tendon strain, and there is a suspected large tear of the contractile unit. Which grade of tendon tear is most consistent with this information?

Grade II

The process of converting painful stimuli into neuronal action potentials at the sensory receptor is termed:

Transduction

A patient is diagnosed with dementia. There has been an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, but no increase in intracranial pressure. What type of hydrocephalus is this patient demonstrating?

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is caused by increased CSF volume but no increase in intracranial pressure.

Which of the following is true about ischemic stroke? (Select all that apply.)

.-Has risk factors that include atherosclerosis
-Can be a result of a hypercoagulable state

Which statement is true regarding pain?

Nociceptor activity is transmitted by two types of neurons: myelinated A-δ fibers and unmyelinated C fibers.

Which characteristic is a side effect of opioid pain medications? (Select all that apply.)

-Nausea
-vomiting
-constipation

A client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Which assessment data would support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)

-African American female
-Contractures of the fingers
-Facial butterfly rash noted
-Swelling and pain in the knees

A patient exposed to Herpes virus has been exhibiting symptoms that suggest an inflammation of the brain. This type of infection is referred to as..

Encephalitis

Lyme disease is caused by

Borrelia burgforferi

Which statement is true regarding wound repair?

The acute response lasts 2 weeks.

The x-ray film shows a fracture where one side of the cortex is intact and flexed and the other side has signs of interruption (fracture). Which term best describes this type of fracture?

Greenstick

Which symptom is most common in diabetic neuropathy?

Pain

Which statement is true regarding ankylosing spondylitis?

more common in men and than in women

Which statement is true regarding systemic lupus erythematosus?

chronic inflammatory disease

When viewed on x-ray, the bone has a linear fracture that occurs in a straight line across the bone. Which term best describes this type of fracture?

A transverse fracture

Which statement is true regarding autoregulation in the brain

blood flow through the brain is regulated

It is true that the neuronal tissue of the brain

highly sensitive to oxygen deprivation because they have great energy requirements

The term that describes increased capillary pressure or damage to capillary endothelium in brain is

Interstitial edema

A child presents with bone deficiency and a bowlegged appearance. This assessment data supports a diagnosis of

rickets

Which statement is true regarding osteomyelitis?

Radiographic signs demonstrate bone destruction, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus
occurs in children younger than 16 years and adults older than 50
Muscle spasm, fever, malaise, anorexia, night sweats, and weight loss are often present.

Which statement is true regarding myasthenia gravis?

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies are produced, blocking acetylcholine receptors of the muscle endplate at the neuromuscular junction cause muscular weakness and fatigability Women are affected more often than menWeakness begins with the ocular and cranial muscles and may progress to limb muscle

A patient is attempting to draw more blood flow to a painful area through relaxation techniques. This technique is called

Biofeedback/pain control

Which statement regarding the Glasgow Coma Scale is true?

The Glasgow Coma Scale measures verbal, motor, and eye responsiveness

Which finding is consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome?

paresthesia or dysesthesia
Neuropathic pain may also be present

Which statement is true regarding osteoarthritis?

loss of articular cartilage

What is a common site for bone metastases to occur?

vertebral bodies

Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?

The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor

Which statement is true regarding infectious (aseptic) arthritis?

The average duration of antibiotic therapy is 4 to 6 weeks.

What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)

-Simultaneous symmetric swelling
-Soft-tissue swelling of three or more joints
-subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
-morning stiffness in joints.

A 6-year-old boy presents with polyarthritis. His parents report no past medical history except for a sore throat 6 weeks previously. On physical examination, a murmur is noted. The assessment data support a diagnosis of

Acute rheumatic fever

Reiter syndrome is commonly characterized with

-young Caucasian men
-Painless shallow ulcers may appear on the glans penis
-Arthritis occurs 2 to 6 weeks after a gastrointestinal infection.
-Reiter syndrome consists of three clinical problems: arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis.

Which forms of muscular dystrophy are X-linked?

Duchenne afflicts only males

Which statement is true regarding acute pain?

increased heart rate
respiratory rate
blood pressure

Pain that is experienced after mild stimulation, such as stroking is referred to as

Allodynia

Which is associated with early increased intracranial pressure?

headache
vomiting
altered level of consciousness.

A patient has an expanding lesion in one hemisphere causing enough of a lateral shift that the cingulate gyrus is being forced under the falx cerebri. This describes which type of herniation?

Subfalcine or cingulate herniation

Characteristics of a petit mal seizure include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

stop speaking
stare for a few seconds

A patient presents with eye movements that occur with the eye moving in different directions. What is the appropriate term for this finding?

Dysconjugate movements

What is the most common site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the bone?

The vertebral column

A patient with a spinal cord injury at T4 is diagnosed with autonomic dysreflexia is likely to develop which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a sudden episode of hypertension
body flushing
sweating
headache

Which is the principal neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson disease?

Dopamine

Symptoms such as headache, lethargy, mood alterations, and epigastric sensations occur during which phase of a seizure?

aura
prodromal

It is true that an epidural hematoma

The site of primary injury may be minor. The patient may suffer only a brief period of disturbed consciousness The injury usually occurs with a temporal bone fracture

Which statement is true regarding dermatomyositis?

Most patients initially complain of hip and leg weakness

A 10-year-old boy has a metastatic lesion in the metaphyseal region of the femur that is referred to as

Osteosarcoma

Which is a risk factor for cerebral palsy?

prenatal infections

A client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Which assessment data support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

-African Americans and females
-Contractures of the fingers
-The butterfly rash on the face
-Swelling in pain and knees