Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________.

alkalosis

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________.

catabolism

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption.

Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum.

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

digestion

The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.

liver

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.

chemical digestion

The function of goblet cells is to ________.

produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

Select the correct statement about absorption.

If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated.

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

protein and peptide fragments

Select the correct statement about digestive processes.

Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex.

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

oral cavity

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.

hydrolysis

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

lamina propria

Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds?

fungiform and circumvallate

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

Which structure is highlighted?

common hepatic duct

Which structure is highlighted?

lacteal

Which structure is highlighted?

pyloric sphincter

What controls the release of chyme from the stomach to the highlighted structure?

pyloric sphincter

Which structure is highlighted?

gallbladder

Which structure is highlighted?

circular muscle of muscularis externa

Which lobe of the liver is highlighted?

right

Which structure is highlighted?

oropharynx

What is produced and secreted by the exocrine cells of the pancreas?

pancreatic juice