A nurse preparing a section of skin for an injection is an example of __________.

1. sterilization
2. degerming
3. disinfection
4. sanitization

degerming

A broth containing 1 million bacterial cells is treated with an antimicrobial agent that kills 90% of the cells in 1 minute. What is the minimum amount of time it will take before all the cells in the broth are dead?

7 minutes

An antimicrobial chemical used on the skin is usually called a(n) __________.

antiseptic

Which of the following statements is TRUE of disinfectants?

1. They are used on inanimate surfaces.
2. They are only effective for short periods of time (seconds to minutes).
3. They are used on living tissue.
4. They are used for sterilization.
5. They are effective in destroying endospores.

1. They are used on inanimate surfaces.

You notice a sign in a public restroom that states "Sanitized for your safety." This means

methods of disinfection that meet minimum standards of microbial removal have been used.

A chemical agent that dissolves lipids can damage

cells and enveloped viruses

Which of the following is most susceptible to antimicrobial agents?

vegetative bacteria

An instrument coming into contact with the skin of an immunocompromised patient should be treated with which of the following?

high-level germicide

Desiccation, a time-honored method of preserving food, is effective because the

water content is too low to support metabolic function

Put the following microbes in order of their resistance to antimicrobial agents, from least to most resistant: a. prions b. enveloped viruses c. mycobacteria d. Gram-negative bacteria

b, d, c, a

An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)

low-level germicide.

Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?

it only arrests growth of vegetative cells

Methods of microbial control called ________ arrest the growth of microbes.

microbistatic

Which of the following is the most difficult to inactivate?

bacterial endospores

Compared to moist heat methods, dry heat needs which of the following in order to sterilize effectively?

higher temperature and increased time

Which of the following techniques can be used to sterilize microbiological media?

autoclaving

Which of the following could be used to sterilize a heat-sensitive liquid such as urea broth?

filtration

Which of the following is bacteriostatic?

freezing below 0°C

Standard pasteurization methods are used to

reduce microbes that cause disease or spoilage

Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of

both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses

Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?

ethylene oxide

Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?

gamma rays

The process of incineration is used for

sterilization

Iodophors and chloramines are similar in that they are both halogen-containing compounds that __________.

slowly release their active ingredients

Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress?

ethylene oxide

Which of the following is a low-level disinfectant?

quats

Silvadene, a topical treatment for burns, contains 1% silver. What category of chemical control agent is in Silvadene?

heavy metals

Seventy percent alcohol is effective against

enveloped viruses.

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?

ethylene oxide