A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.

a.agonist (prime mover)

b.antagonist

c. fixator

d.synergist

b.

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called?

A.buccinator

B. platysma

C.zygomaticus

D.masseter

A.

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

A.orbicularis oris

B.hyoglossus

C. stylohyoid

D. genioglossus

D.

First-class levers ________.

A.are typified by tweezers or forceps

B.have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle

C.are used when standing on tip-toe

D.in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

D.

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A.first-class lever

B.second-class

c lever third-class lever

d.fourth-class lever

C

If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the ________.

A.effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum

b. load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum

c.lever system is useless

d.load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

b.

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

A. adduction

B.abduction

C.flexion

D.extension

C

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A.hamstring muscles

B. brachioradialis

C.soleus
D.gluteal muscles

A

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A.vastus medialis
B. soleus
C. iliopsoas and rectus femoris

D.biceps femoris

C

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A.the brachioradialis
B.the triceps brachii
Cthe anconeus
D.the flexor digitorum profundus

A

The ________ extends the great toe.

A. tibialis anterior

B. gastrocneumius
C. fibularis (peroneous)tertius

D. extensor hallucis longus

D

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

A.buccinator

B.mentalis

C.orbicularis oris r

D. isorius

A

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

A. teres major

B. infraspinatus

C. teres minor

D. supraspinatus

A

The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle."

A.serratus anterior

B. flexor digitorum longus

C. biceps brachii
D. rectus abdominis

A

The ________ is the main chewing muscle.

A. hyoglossus

B. lateral pterygoid

C. masseter

D. buccinator

C

he ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.

A.external oblique

B.latissimus dorsi t

C.ransversus abdominis

D. rectus abdominis

C

The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

A. sternocleidomastoid

B. sternohyoid

C. platysma
D. mentalis

C

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________.

A. hyperextension

B. pulled muscle

C. hernia
D. sprain

C

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.

A. gastrocnemius

B.quadriceps femoris

C. gluteus maximus

D. rectus abdominis

B

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.

A. rectus femoris

B. semimembranosus

C.biceps femoris

D.semitendinosus

A

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________.

A. sternum

B. platysma
C. clavicle
D. mastoid process of the temporal bone

D

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

A. to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

B. to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus

C. to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi

D. to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally

B

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A. functional levers

B.speed levers
C.power levers

D.dysfunctional levers

C

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A. All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

B. Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
C. All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
D. All act on the tongue.

D

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A. a synergist
B. an antagonist
C. an agonist (prime mover)

D. a fixator

C

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A. the length

B. the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction

C. the number of neurons innervating it

D.the shape

B

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
A. the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

B. the direction the load is being moved

C. the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever

D. the weight of the load

A

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

A. tibialis anterior

B. extensor hallucis longus

C. extensor digitorum longus

D. fibularis tertius

A

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A. an antagonist

B. a prime mover

C. a synergist
D. an agonist

C

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

A. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.

B. The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. C. The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

D. The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.

C

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

A. thigh adductors

B. hamstrings

C. quadriceps

D. lateral rotators

A

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

A.internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

B.diaphragm alone

C.rectus abdominis and diaphragm

D.external intercostals and diaphragm

A

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

A. It pulls the lower lip down and back.

B. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

C. It closes the eye.
DC. It draws the eyebrows together.

B

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles?

A. An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon.
B. An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.

C. An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon.

C.An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side.

B

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A.They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.

B.They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.

C.They are often called strap muscles.

D.They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.

B

Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstrings? A. gracilis

B. semitendinosus

C.semimembranosus

D.biceps femoris

A

Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

A. latissimus dorsi

B. external intercostal i

C. nternal intercostal

D. diaphragm

A

Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion?

A. tibialis posterior

B. gastrocnemius and soleus

C. popliteus
D. flexor digitorum longus

C

Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

A. transversus abdominis

B. rectus abdominis

C. external oblique

D.internal oblique

B

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

A. the sartorius
B. the tibialis anterior

C. the gastrocnemius

D. the semitendinosus

C

Which of the following muscles is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? A. levator scapulae

B. subscapularis

C. supraspinatus

D. teres minor

A

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh at the hip?

A. gluteus maximus

B. vastus lateralis

C. adductor magnus

D. tibialis posterior

C

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

A. the quadriceps femoris

B. the sartorius
C. all of the hamstrings

D. the gastrocnemius

B

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A. extensor digitorum longus

B. fibularis (peroneus) tertius

C. tibialis anterior
D. fibularis (peroneus) longus

C

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A. the frontal belly of the epicranius

B. the zygomaticus major

C. the temporalis
D. the medial pterygoid

A

Which of the following muscles is used to form a smile?

A. Zygomaticus major

B. corrugator supercilli

C. mentalis
D. orbicularis oris

A

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

A. the vastus lateralis
B. the vastus medialis

C. the vastus intermedius

D. rectus femoris

A

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles?

A. the type of muscle fibers

B. the type of action they cause

C. muscle shape
D. muscle location

A

Which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles?

A. pull ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage

B. elevate and adduct scapula in synergy with superior fibers of trapezius
C. extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite sides

D. flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

D

Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle?

A. a first-class lever
B. a second-class lever

C. a third-class lever
D. a fourth-class lever

C

________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint.

A. Biceps brachii

B. Triceps brachii

C. Brachialis

D. Brachioradialis

B