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Chapter 11

front 1

1.) Which neuron would connect to a muscle?

2.) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?

3.)Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?

4.)Which neuron is never myelinated?

back 1

1.) A

2.) B

3.) C

4.) B

front 2

1.) Which neuron is rare?

2.) In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?

3.) Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves?

4.) Which is by far the most common neuron type?

back 2

1.) B

2.) A

3.) C

4.) A

front 3

True or false: The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.

back 3

False

front 4

1.) One incoming fiber triggers responses in ever-increasing numbers farther and farther along the circuit.

2.) May be involved in complex, exacting types of mental processing.

3.) Involved in control of rhythmic activities such as breathing.
4.) Involved in activating fibers of a skeletal muscle such as the biceps muscle.
5) Different types of sensory input can have the same ultimate effect.

A) Reverberating circuit
B) Diverging circuit
C) Parallel after-discharge circuit
D) Converging circuit

back 4

1.)B

2.)C

3.)A

4.)B

5.)D

front 5

True or False:

Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system

back 5

True

front 6

True or False:

Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte

back 6

True

front 7

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

A) provide the defense for the CNS

B) support and brace neurons

C) control the chemical environment around neurons

D) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability

E) anchor neurons to blood vessels

back 7

A.

front 8

Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? A) biogenic amine

B) amino acid

C) nucleic acid

D) ATP and other purines

E) acetycholine

back 8

C.

front 9

What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus?

A) size of action potentials

B) frequency of action potentials

C) origin of the stimulus

D) type of stimulus receptor

back 9

B.

front 10

Select the correct statement regarding synapses.

A) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.

B) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells.

C) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

D) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses

back 10

C.

front 11

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________.
A) depolarization

B) absolute refractory period

C) repolarization

D) resting period

back 11

B.

front 12

True or False :

Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase

back 12

False

front 13

1.) Ion channel.
2.) Synaptic vesicles.
3.) Calcium ions.
4.) Postsynaptic membrane.
5.) Synaptic cleft.

back 13

1.) E

2.) C

3.) A

4.) B

5.) D

front 14

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________.
A) astrocytes B) microglia C) Schwann cells D) oligodendrocytes

back 14

A.

front 15

Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________.

A) microglia B) astrocytes C) oligodendrocytes D) ependymal cells

back 15

C.

front 16

True or false:

Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine

back 16

True

front 17

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?
A) ligand-gated channel

B) leakage channel

C) voltage-gated channel

D) mechanically gated channel

back 17

C.

front 18

1.)Area where nerve impulse is generated.
2.) Receives stimuli.
3.) Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels.
4.) Plasma membrane exhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
5.) Axon terminals release neurotransmitters.
6.) Plasma membrane exhibits chemically gated ion channels.

A) Conducting region
B) Receptive region
C) Secretory zone
D) Secretory region
E) Trigger zone

back 18

1.)E

2.) B

3.)A

4.)D

5.)C

6.)B

front 19

Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________.

A) release nerve growth factor

B) are crucial in the production of neurotransmitters

C) are crucial for the development of neural connections

D) are found on "pathfinder" neurons

back 19

C.

front 20

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A) act as a transmitting agent

B) stimulate the production of acetylcholine

C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings

D) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh

back 20

C.

front 21

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________.

A) ganglia B) nerves C) nuclei D) tracts

back 21

A.

front 22

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. A) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur

B) opening of voltage-regulated channels

C) a change in sodium ion permeability

D) hyperpolarization

back 22

D.

front 23

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

A) peripheral and spinal nerves

B) brain and spinal cord

C) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

D) spinal cord and spinal nerves

back 23

B.

front 24

Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone?
A) acetylcholine B) serotonin C) nitric oxide D) endorphin

back 24

D.

front 25

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.
A) afferent neuron

B) glial cell

C) efferent neuron

D) association neuron

back 25

D.

front 26

True or False:

In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier

back 26

True

front 27

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.

A) erratic transmission of nerve impulses

B) the myelin sheath

C) large nerve fibers

D) diphasic impulses

back 27

B.

front 28

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?
A) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.

B) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. C) Specific sodium gates will open.

D) Specific potassium gates will open.

back 28

A.

front 29

When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________.
A) excitatory potential

B) generator potential

C) postsynaptic potential

D) action potential

back 29

B.

front 30

1.) Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect.
2.) Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time.
3.) An insufficient stimulus.
4.) Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron.

A) Subthreshold stimulus
B) Temporal summation
C) Spatial summation
D) Threshold stimulus

back 30

1.)B

2.)C

3.) A

4.)D

front 31

True or False:

The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes

back 31

False

front 32

Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?

A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.

B) They can form on receptor endings.

C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials.

D) They are short-lived.

back 32

A.

front 33

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________.

A) proteins have been resynthesized

B) the membrane potential has been reestablished

C) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell

D) all sodium gates are closed

back 33

B.

front 34

In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________.
A) negatively charged and contains less sodium

B) positively charged and contains less sodium

C) negatively charged and contains more sodium

D) positively charged and contains more sodium

back 34

A.

front 35

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________.
A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only

B) muscle contraction would occur

C) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur

D) the impulse would spread bidirectionally

back 35

D.

front 36

True or False:

A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane.

back 36

True

front 37

True or False:

Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes.

back 37

True

front 38

True or False:

Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.

back 38

False

front 39

True or False:

Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity

back 39

True

front 40

True or False:

Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity

back 40

True