This functional group is weakly basic because it can accept an H⁺ ion:

amino

Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

The chemical interactions of large organic molecules are largely determined by:

their functional groups.

Which of these terms is most inclusive?

carbohydrate

Carbohydrate molecules:

are a source of energy.

A chemical reaction in which monomers become covalently linked and thus synthesizes polymers

condensation

Figure 3-1 Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s).

The process illustrated in Figure 3-1 is called:

hydrolysis.

In which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break a bond?

glycogen- glucose

Which of the following illustrates hydrolysis?

the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids

Glucose dissolves in water because:

it has polar hydroxyl groups that interact with polar water molecules.

The difference between a hexose and a pentose is that:

a hexose always has six carbons, but a pentose always has five carbons.

Monosaccharides are water soluble because:

they have a large number of polar hydroxyl groups.

Which pair is mismatched?

monsaccharide-maltose

disaccharide-sucrose

polysaccharide-cellulose

hexose-glucose

pentose-ribose

monsaccharide-maltose

Which one of the following carbohydrates is the most structurally complex?

cellulose

Amyloplasts are organelles that store:

starch

A carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is:

glycogen

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids?

They have many oxygen-containing functional groups.

The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol will yield:

three fatty acids and one glycerol.

Which of the following molecules is not grouped with the lipids?

glycoproteins

A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains:

the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains.

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct?

They are generally liquid at room temperature.

An amphipathic molecule has:

a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion.

If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would:

have a double bond changed from cis to trans.

You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:

carotenoid.

Which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE?

They are always detrimental to living organisms.

The most abundant molecules in this structure are:

phospholipids.

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

R or variable groups.

Amino acids are important biological buffers because:

their amino and carboxyl groups can accept and release protons (H⁺ ).

The following amino acid would be characterized as __________ based on the chemical properties of its side chain.

non polar

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins?

hydrogen bonds

Proteins with alpha-helical forms exhibit this property:

elasticity

If glycine and alanine undergo condensation, the new bond that is formed is between the:

carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amino group.

Figure 3-2 Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s).

In Figure 3-2, ionic bonds would form between the R groups of which amino acids?

2 and 4

All of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of this polypeptide except:

peptide bonds.

Molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of:

Molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of:

If the differently shaded portions of this molecule represent different polypeptide chains, then this figure is representative of:

the quaternary structure of a protein.

Which of the following statements is true of proteins?

Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted.

This molecule transmits heredity information:

nucleic acid.

DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.

proteins

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between RNA and DNA?

DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis.

Figure 3-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

The molecular fragment represented in Figure 3-3 is:

RNA

Figure 3-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

The type of connection between the atoms at the point labeled 1 in Figure

a phosphodiester linkage.

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose sugars, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, which of the following is the best description of this compound?

It is most likely ribonucleic acid.

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

nucleic acid-phosphodiester linkage

When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are:

nucleotides.

ATP is important in living organisms because:

it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals and thus serves as the primary energy currency of all cells.