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bio ch 3

front 1

Which of the following is not a property of carbon?

back 1

Carbon-to-carbon bonds are limited to single bonds.

front 2

The number of electron pairs shared between carbon 2 and 3 in the accompanying figure is:

back 2

two

front 3

The two molecules in the following figure represent:

back 3

geometric isomers.

front 4

The highly polarized nature of compounds containing carboxyl groups can be attributed to the presence of two:

back 4

highly electronegative oxygen atoms.

front 5

This functional group is weakly basic because it can accept an H+ ion:

back 5

amino

front 6

Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because

back 6

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

front 7

The chemical interactions of large organic molecules are largely determined by:

back 7

their functional groups.

front 8

Which of these terms is most inclusive?

back 8

carbohydrate

front 9

Carbohydrate molecules:

back 9

are a source of energy.

front 10

A chemical reaction in which monomers become covalently linked and thus synthesizes polymers

back 10

condensation

front 11

Figure 3-1 Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s).

The process illustrated in Figure 3-1 is called:

back 11

hydrolysis.

front 12

In which of the following reactions must the equivalent of a water molecule be added in order to break a bond?

back 12

glycogen- glucose

front 13

Which of the following illustrates hydrolysis?

back 13

the reaction of a fat to form glycerol and fatty acids

front 14

Glucose dissolves in water because:

back 14

it has polar hydroxyl groups that interact with polar water molecules.

front 15

The difference between a hexose and a pentose is that:

back 15

a hexose always has six carbons, but a pentose always has five carbons.

front 16

Monosaccharides are water soluble because:

back 16

they have a large number of polar hydroxyl groups.

front 17

Which pair is mismatched?

monsaccharide-maltose

disaccharide-sucrose

polysaccharide-cellulose

hexose-glucose

pentose-ribose

back 17

monsaccharide-maltose

front 18

Which one of the following carbohydrates is the most structurally complex?

back 18

cellulose

front 19

Amyloplasts are organelles that store:

back 19

starch

front 20

A carbohydrate energy storage molecule found in animal liver and muscle cells is:

back 20

glycogen

front 21

Which of the following is NOT true of lipids?

back 21

They have many oxygen-containing functional groups.

front 22

The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol will yield:

back 22

three fatty acids and one glycerol.

front 23

Which of the following molecules is not grouped with the lipids?

back 23

glycoproteins

front 24

A molecule of a saturated triacylglycerol contains:

back 24

the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains.

front 25

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is correct?

back 25

They are generally liquid at room temperature.

front 26

An amphipathic molecule has:

back 26

a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion.

front 27

If you partially hydrogenate oleic acid, the resulting molecule most likely would:

back 27

have a double bond changed from cis to trans.

front 28

You isolate a compound that is insoluble in water, has alternating single and double bonds, and has a bright orange color. You correctly conclude that this compound is a:

back 28

carotenoid.

front 29

Which of the following statements concerning steroids is FALSE?

back 29

They are always detrimental to living organisms.

front 30

The most abundant molecules in this structure are:

back 30

phospholipids.

front 31

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

back 31

R or variable groups.

front 32

Amino acids are important biological buffers because:

back 32

their amino and carboxyl groups can accept and release protons (H+ ).

front 33

The following amino acid would be characterized as __________ based on the chemical properties of its side chain.

back 33

non polar

front 34

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins?

back 34

hydrogen bonds

front 35

Proteins with alpha-helical forms exhibit this property:

back 35

elasticity

front 36

If glycine and alanine undergo condensation, the new bond that is formed is between the:

back 36

carbon of the carboxyl group and the nitrogen of the amino group.

front 37

Figure 3-2 Use the figure below to answer the corresponding question(s).

In Figure 3-2, ionic bonds would form between the R groups of which amino acids?

back 37

2 and 4

front 38

All of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of this polypeptide except:

back 38

peptide bonds.

front 39

Molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of:

back 39

Molecular chaperones are proteins that mediate the folding process of:

front 40

If the differently shaded portions of this molecule represent different polypeptide chains, then this figure is representative of:

back 40

the quaternary structure of a protein.

front 41

Which of the following statements is true of proteins?

back 41

Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted.

front 42

This molecule transmits heredity information:

back 42

nucleic acid.

front 43

DNA most directly determines which __________ are made by a cell.

back 43

proteins

front 44

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between RNA and DNA?

back 44

DNA comprises the genes, while RNA is a direct participant in the process of protein synthesis.

front 45

Figure 3-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

The molecular fragment represented in Figure 3-3 is:

back 45

RNA

front 46

Figure 3-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

The type of connection between the atoms at the point labeled 1 in Figure

back 46

a phosphodiester linkage.

front 47

Analysis of a certain polymer shows that it contains phosphate groups, ribose sugars, and pyrimidines. Based on this information, which of the following is the best description of this compound?

back 47

It is most likely ribonucleic acid.

front 48

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

back 48

nucleic acid-phosphodiester linkage

front 49

When a nucleic acid undergoes hydrolysis, the resulting subunits are:

back 49

nucleotides.

front 50

ATP is important in living organisms because:

back 50

it can transfer some of its energy to other chemicals and thus serves as the primary energy currency of all cells.