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chapter 17

front 1

1) What type of immunity results from vaccination?

  1. A) innate immunity
  2. B) naturally acquired active immunity
  3. C) naturally acquired passive immunity
  4. D) artificially acquired active immunity
  5. E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 1

Answer: D

front 2

2) What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

  1. A) innate immunity
  2. B) naturally acquired active immunity
  3. C) naturally acquired passive immunity
  4. D) artificially acquired active immunity
  5. E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 2

Answer: E

front 3

3) What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

  1. A) innate immunity
  2. B) naturally acquired active immunity
  3. C) naturally acquired passive immunity
  4. D) artificially acquired active immunity
  5. E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 3

Answer: B

front 4

4) Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

  1. A) specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors
  2. B) specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules
  3. C) specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens
  4. D) specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

E) specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins

back 4

Answer: D

front 5

5) Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

  1. A) innate immunity.
  2. B) naturally acquired active immunity.
  3. C) naturally acquired passive immunity.
  4. D) artificially acquired active immunity.
  5. E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

back 5

Answer: C

front 6

6) Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?

  1. A) clonal deletion
  2. B) activation of complement
  3. C) opsonization
  4. D) ADCC
  5. E) agglutination

back 6

Answer: A

front 7

7) Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

  1. A) dentritic cells
  2. B) macrophages
  3. C) mature B cells
  4. D) natural killer cells
  5. E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are APCs.

back 7

Answer: D

front 8

8) When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as

  1. A) agglutination.
  2. B) opsonization.
  3. C) ADCC.
  4. D) apoptosis.
  5. E) neutralization.

back 8

Answer: E

front 9

9) CD4+ T cells are activated by

  1. A) interaction between CD4+and MHC II.
  2. B) interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
  3. C) cytokines released by dendritic cells.
  4. D) cytokines released by B cells.
  5. E) complement.

back 9

Answer: A

front 10

10) Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

  1. A) TCcell
  2. B) B cell
  3. C) THcell
  4. D) natural killer cell
  5. E) basophil

back 10

Answer: C

front 11

11) The specificity of an antibody is due to

  1. A) its valence.
  2. B) the H chains.
  3. C) the L chains.
  4. D) the constant portions of the H and L chains.
  5. E) the variable portions of the H and L chains.

back 11

Answer: E

front 12

12) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

  1. A) They originate in bone marrow.
  2. B) They have antibodies on their surfaces.
  3. C) They are responsible for the memory response.
  4. D) They are responsible for antibody formation.
  5. E) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.

back 12

Answer: E

front 13

13) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

  1. A) The cells originate in bone marrow.
  2. B) Cells are processed in the thymus gland.
  3. C) It can inhibit the immune response.
  4. D) B cells make antibodies.
  5. E) T cells react with antigens.

back 13

Answer: D

front 14

14) Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

  1. A) antigen.
  2. B) T cell.
  3. C) B cell.
  4. D) memory cell.
  5. E) APC.

back 14

Answer: A

front 15

15) The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are

  1. A) IgG.
  2. B) IgM.
  3. C) IgA.
  4. D) IgD.
  5. E) IgE.

back 15

Answer: C

front 16

16) The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are

  1. A) IgG.
  2. B) IgM.
  3. C) IgA.
  4. D) IgD.
  5. E) IgE.

back 16

Answer: D

front 17

17) The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are

  1. A) IgG.
  2. B) IgM.
  3. C) IgA.
  4. D) IgD.
  5. E) IgE.

back 17

Answer: E

front 18

18) In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are

  1. A) IgM.
  2. B) IgA.
  3. C) IgD.
  4. D) IgE.
  5. E) None of the answers is correct.

back 18

Answer: A

front 19

19) Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

  1. A) IgG.
  2. B) IgM.
  3. C) IgA.
  4. D) IgD.
  5. E) IgE.

back 19

Answer: B

front 20

20) The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

  1. A) IgG.
  2. B) IgM.
  3. C) IgA.
  4. D) IgD.
  5. E) IgE.

back 20

Answer: A

front 21

21) In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to a repeated exposure with the identical antigen?

  1. A) a
  2. B) b
  3. C) c
  4. D) d
  5. E) e

back 21

Answer: C

front 22

22) In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the highest antibody titer during the patient's response to a second and distinct/different antigen?

  1. A) a
  2. B) b
  3. C) c
  4. D) d
  5. E) e

back 22

Answer: E

front 23

23) In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time (c) indicates

  1. A) the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a).
  2. B) the secondary response.
  3. C) the primary response.
  4. D) exposure to a new antigen.
  5. E) the T-cell response.

back 23

Answer: B

front 24

24) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

  1. A) The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
  2. B) The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
  3. C) The Fc region attaches to a host cell.
  4. D) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
  5. E) All of the answers are correct.

back 24

Answer: D

front 25

25) Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?

  1. A) something foreign in the body
  2. B) a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies
  3. C) a chemical that combines with antibodies
  4. D) a pathogen
  5. E) a protein that combines with antibodies

back 25

Answer: B

front 26

26) Which of the following WBCs are NOT lymphocytes?

  1. A) cytotoxic T cells
  2. B) helper T cells
  3. C) NK cells
  4. D) M cells
  5. E) B cells

back 26

Answer: D

front 27

27) The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

  1. A) Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
  2. B) APC phagocytizes antigen.
  3. C) B cell is activated.
  4. D) THcell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
  5. E) THcell produces cytokines.

back 27

Answer: D

front 28

28) In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

  1. A) a and b
  2. B) a and c
  3. C) b and c
  4. D) c and d
  5. E) b and d

back 28

Answer: D

front 29

29) In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

  1. A) a and b
  2. B) a and c
  3. C) b and c
  4. D) c and d

back 29

Answer: A

front 30

30) In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

  1. A) a and b
  2. B) a and c
  3. C) b and c
  4. D) c and d
  5. E) b and d

back 30

Answer: A

front 31

31) In Figure 17.2, what portion will typically attach to a host cell?

  1. A) a and c
  2. B) b
  3. C) b and c
  4. D) a and d
  5. E) e

back 31

Answer: E

front 32

32) Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

  1. A) capsule
  2. B) flagellum
  3. C) pili
  4. D) ribosome
  5. E) plasmid

back 32

Answer: A

front 33

33) The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

  1. A) IgA
  2. B) IgG
  3. C) IgM
  4. D) IgD
  5. E) IgE

back 33

Answer: C

front 34

34) Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

  1. A) CTL
  2. B) Treg
  3. C) TH
  4. D) dendritic cells
  5. E) B cells

back 34

Answer: A

front 35

35) The following events occur in cellular immunity, leading to a response from TH cells. What is the third step?

  1. A) Antibodies are produced.
  2. B) Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
  3. C) Antigen enters M cell.
  4. D) THcell produces cytokines.
  5. E) THcells proliferate.

back 35

Answer: E

front 36

36) Cytokines released by TH1 cells

  1. A) activate CD8+cells to CTLs.
  2. B) convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells.
  3. C) convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells.
  4. D) kill parasites.
  5. E) convert B cells to T cells.

back 36

Answer: A

front 37

37) Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

  1. A) granzymes
  2. B) hapten
  3. C) IL-1
  4. D) IL-2
  5. E) perforin

back 37

Answer: E

front 38

38) At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

  1. A) 105
  2. B) 1010
  3. C) 1015
  4. D) 1020
  5. E) 1025

back 38

Answer: C

front 39

39) Thymic selection

  1. A) destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.
  2. B) destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
  3. C) destroys MHC molecules.
  4. D) destroys CD4+cells that attack self.
  5. E) activates B cells.

back 39

Answer: A

front 40

40) Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

  1. A) They destroy virus-infected cells.
  2. B) They destroy tumor cells.
  3. C) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
  4. D) They are stimulated by an antigen.
  5. E) None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true.

back 40

Answer: D

front 41

41) An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

  1. A) antibodies.
  2. B) macrophages.
  3. C) T helper cells.
  4. D) B cells.
  5. E) CTLs.

back 41

Answer: B

front 42

42) A Treg cell deficiency could result in

  1. A) increased number of viral infections.
  2. B) increased number of bacterial infections.
  3. C) autoimmunity.
  4. D) increased severity of bacterial infections.
  5. E) transplant rejection.

back 42

Answer: C

front 43

43) ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

  1. A) eukaryotic pathogens.
  2. B) prions.
  3. C) extracellular viruses.
  4. D) bacterial pathogens.
  5. E) bacterial toxins.

back 43

Answer: A

front 44

44) IL-2, produced by TH cells,

  1. A) activates macrophages.
  2. B) stimulates THcell maturation.
  3. C) causes phagocytosis.
  4. D) activates antigen-presenting cells.
  5. E) activates TCcells to CTLs.

back 44

Answer: B

front 45

45) Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE?

  1. A) It activates macrophages.
  2. B) It inhibits some tumor cells.
  3. C) It activates the TH1 pathway.
  4. D) It causes autoimmune diseases.
  5. E) It causes THcells to respond to HIV.

back 45

Answer: D

front 46

1) Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

back 46

False

front 47

2) Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

back 47

True

front 48

3) Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

back 48

False

front 49

4) The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.

back 49

False

front 50

5) Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

back 50

True

front 51

6) The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets.

back 51

False

front 52

7) Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

back 52

False

front 53

8) Memory cells do not require B cell receptors

back 53

False

front 54

9) The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

back 54

True

front 55

10) When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

back 55

False