front 1 HGB- Hemoglobin | back 1 MALE: 13.5-17.5 grams/dL Oxygen-carrying protein on red blood cell. low = anemia |
front 2 HCT- Hematocrit | back 2 MALE: 40 -50.0 % Proportion of RBCs to fluid in blood low = anemia |
front 3 WBC- white blood cell | back 3 3.5-10.5 billion cells/L High WBC- infection or inflammation; immune system or bone
marrow issues |
front 4 RBC- red blood cell | back 4 MALE: 4.32 - 5.72 trillion cells/L High RBC (erythrocytosis)- polycythemia Vera, heart disease
|
front 5 Potassium- K+ | back 5 3.5-5.1 mmol/dL High: transient abdominal cramps, diarrhea, cardiac arrest if
severe- ECG abnormalities |
front 6 Calcium | back 6 8.2-10.2 mmol/dL High: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, constipation, fatigue, diminished reflexes, lethargy, decreased level of consciousness, confusion, personality change, cardiac arrest if severe Low: Numbness and tingling of fingers, toes, and circumoral (around mouth) region, positive Chvostek's sign (contraction of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped), hyperactive reflexes, muscle twitching and cramping; carpal and pedal spasms, tetany, seizures, laryngospasm, dysrhythmias. |
front 7 Sodium | back 7 136-145 mmol/dL BOTH: Decreased level of consciousness (confusion, lethargy, coma) High: perhaps thirst, seizures if develops rapidly or is very severe. Low: seizures if develops rapidly or is very severe. Aka. Water intoxication; water excess |
front 8 Chloride | back 8 98-107 mmol/dL negatively charged ion- works w/ other electrolytes to regulate body fluid & acid base balance High: dehydration, problems that cause high sodium- kidney dz, Cushing syndrome. Low: occurs w/ low sodium- CHF, vomiting, gastric suction, chronic lung dz- resp. acidosis |
front 9 Phosphate | back 9 2.4-4.5 Like calcium, found in bones and teeth High: Kidney dz decreases excretion of excess phosphate in blood. Extra can cause calcium to be pulled out of bones. Low: meds prevent absorption, low mag (needed to absorb), high calcium (binds to), certain breathing problems |
front 10 BUN (blood urea nitrogen) | back 10 5-25 mg/dL Urea is the product of protein metabolism by liver and is excreted by kidneys. (reabsorbable) High: dehydration, prerenal failure, minimally age, digested blood from GI bleeding. Low: overhydration (hypervolemia), liver failure, malnutrition, SIADH, malabsorption |
front 11 Creatinine (Cr) | back 11 0.5-1.5 mg/dL |
front 12 BUN:CR RATION | back 12 10:1 differentiate renal issue and other issues High: volume depletion issues Low: liver disease, malnutrition, decrease protein, |
front 13 ALT | back 13 15-65 U/L enzyme found in the liver that helps your body metabolize protein High: When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream and levels increase Low: normal and expected |
front 14 PT (Prothrombin time) | back 14 11-14 seconds Time it takes blood to clot High: may indicate liver damage or certain blood thinning drugs |
front 15 aPTT | back 15 30-40 seconds PT w/ activator added to blood Evaluate: response to heparin |
front 16 INR | back 16 <1.1 normal 2.0-3.0 therapeutic Ratio allows for universal comparison High: Clotting too slow- medication, liver problems, vit K def., âclotting proteins Low: Clotting to quickly- supplemental vit K or Ý intake, estrogen containing meds (OCP) |
front 17 PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide | back 17 35-45 higher the more acidic, lower more basic |
front 18 HCO3 sodium bicarbonate | back 18 22-26 Higher more basic, lower more acidic |
front 19 PaO2 | back 19 80-100% |
front 20 ESR/ sed rate | back 20 0-22 men 0-29 women non-specific measure of inflammation The speed at which the red blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube is measured. Inflammation can cause abnormal proteins to appear in your blood. These proteins cause your red blood cells to clump together. |
front 21 PTT | back 21 60-70 Evaluate: response to heparin |
front 22 Calcium (Ca+) & ________ have inverse relationship | back 22 Phosphorus |
front 23 Magnesium (Mg+) & ________ have a direct relationship. | back 23 Calcium. Ca+ |
front 24 Potassium, chloride and _________ have direct relationships. | back 24 Na- |
front 25 Magnesium is mostly stored in _______ & _______. | back 25 Bones & cartilage |
front 26 If a patient is acidotic, hydrogen enters the cell and _______ exits | back 26 Potassium K+ |
front 27 If a patient is _____________they should avoid salt substitutes | back 27 Hyperkalemic |
front 28 A patient with hyperkalemia will have __________ __________T waves on an EKG. | back 28 Tall tented |
front 29 Cell membrane walls are __________ charged and repel chloride. | back 29 Negatively - |
front 30 The ECF and ICE distribution is mainly controlled by ________ | back 30 Sodium Na- |
front 31 Hypernatremic patients will have __________ cardiac activity. | back 31 Decreased |
front 32 Platelets | back 32 150,000 - 450,000 |
front 33 Magnesium | back 33 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L |
front 34 Bicarbonate HCo3- | back 34 22 - 26 mEq/L |
front 35 pH | back 35 7.35 - 7.45 |
front 36 PaCo2 | back 36 35 - 45 mmHg |
front 37 PaO2 | back 37 80 - 100 % |
front 38 A1c | back 38 Normal - 5.7% Prediabetes - 5.7% - 6.4% Diabetes - 6.5%< |