front 1 Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in ________. | back 1 Protein |
front 2 The first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is ________. | back 2 margination |
front 3 ________ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected. | back 3 Interferons |
front 4 The ________ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children. | back 4 palatine |
front 5 Which of the following does (do) not belong to the second line of defense? | back 5 The gastric juices |
front 6 Which of the following forces does not help lymph to flow? | back 6 The lymphatic node pump |
front 7 ________ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas ________ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future. | back 7 Nonspecific resistance; adaptive immunity |
front 8 Removal of the ________ would be more harmful to a one-year-old child than an adult. | back 8 thymus |
front 9 ________ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the ________. | back 9 Collecting ducts; subclavian veins |
front 10 When an enemy cell is present, a(n) ________ secrete perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane. | back 10 natural killer cell |
front 11 Which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation? | back 11 Cytotoxic T cells |
front 12 Special lymphatic vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary ________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries. | back 12 lipids |
front 13 ________ employ a "respiratory burst" to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorite (HClO). | back 13 Neutrophils |
front 14 ________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens. | back 14 Eosinophils |
front 15 Vaccination stimulates ________ immunity. | back 15 artificial active |
front 16 Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a good samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life? | back 16 a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood |
front 17 Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases? | back 17 Dalton's Law |
front 18 Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation? | back 18 erythrocyte count |
front 19 The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the ________. | back 19 from the nose through the larynx |
front 20 Normally, the systemic arterial blood has a Po2 of ________ mm Hg, a Pco2 of ________ mm Hg, and a pH of ________. (You better not get this wrong) | back 20 95; 40; 7.4 |
front 21 How is the vital capacity calculated? | back 21 expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume |
front 22 Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? | back 22 an increase in membrane thickness |
front 23 The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ________ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen. | back 23 hydrogen |
front 24 Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? | back 24 Aids in defecation |
front 25 In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen? | back 25 70-85% |
front 26 What are the most numerous cells in the lungs? | back 26 Dust cells |
front 27 Which of the following does not contain ciliated cells? | back 27 Larygopharynx |
front 28 Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to ________ oxygen molecules. | back 28 4 |
front 29 Which bronchus is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side? | back 29 Left main bronchus |
front 30 Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? | back 30 Kussmaul respiration |
front 31 Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in ________. | back 31 appearance of that solute in the urine. |
front 32 A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________. | back 32 one pyramid and the overlying cortex. |
front 33 Blood plasma is filtered in the ________. | back 33 the renal corpuscle |
front 34 Which organ system does not excrete waste? | back 34 the cardiovascular system |
front 35 A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of mid-back pain. X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder? | back 35 albuminuria |
front 36 Which of the following is not composed of cuboidal epithelium? | back 36 the thin segment of the nephron loop |
front 37 Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? | back 37 They release waste into the bloodstream |
front 38 A renal pyramid voids urine into the ________. | back 38 the minor calyx |
front 39 Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex? | back 39 segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a |
front 40 Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? | back 40 vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole |
front 41 In a healthy kidney, very little ________ is filtered by the glomerulus. | back 41 Protein |
front 42 Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla? | back 42 juxtamedullary nephrons |
front 43 Natriuretic peptide inhibits ________ reabsorption by the collecting duct, which ________ urine output. | back 43 NaCl; increases |
front 44 Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system? | back 44 The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity. |
front 45 In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________. | back 45 deaminating amino acids |
front 46 Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the ________. | back 46 proximal convoluted tubule |