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The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

front 1

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs?

  1. arteries
  2. capillaries
  3. venules
  4. arterioles
  5. veins

back 1

A

front 2

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?

  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. aorta
  4. veins
  5. capillaries

back 2

D

front 3

Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

  1. tunica interna
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
  4. tunica albuginea
  5. tunica fascia

back 3

B

front 4

Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers?

  1. tunica interna
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
  4. tunica albuginea
  5. tunica fascia

back 4

C

front 5

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing

  1. tear in the vessel.
  2. new vessel branching off the artery or arteriole.
  3. a vascular spasm.
  4. tetanus.
  5. increased blood flow to the damaged vessel.

back 5

C

front 6

Elastic arteries function as

  1. vasodilators.
  2. conduits to the tissues of the trunk only.
  3. barriers to microcirculation.
  4. pressure reservoirs.
  5. vasoconstrictors.

back 6

D

front 7

In resting individuals, these vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed.

  1. Arteries and arterioles
  2. Arterioles and capillaries
  3. Venules and capillaries
  4. Veins and venules
  5. Aorta and veins

back 7

D

front 8

This type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries.

  1. arteries
  2. arterioles
  3. venules
  4. veins
  5. aorta

back 8

B

front 9

Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT in arteries?

  1. tunica externa
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica interna
  4. valve
  5. lumen

back 9

D

front 10

Capillaries are also referred to as

  1. exchange vessels.
  2. vasoconstrictors.
  3. vasodilators.
  4. pressure reservoirs.
  5. distributing vessels.

back 10

A

front 11

Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange?

  1. diffusion
  2. transcytosis
  3. bulk flow
  4. primary active transport
  5. secondary active transport

back 11

A

front 12

Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed?

  1. thoroughfare channels
  2. precapillary sphincters
  3. postcapillary sphincters
  4. venules
  5. valves in veins

back 12

B

front 13

Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries?

  1. skeletal muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. connective tissue
  4. lungs
  5. all of these choices

back 13

E

front 14

The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called

  1. a thoroughfare channel.
  2. a blood reservoir.
  3. a detour route.
  4. collateral circulation.
  5. microcirculation.

back 14

D

front 15

The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is

  1. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
  2. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
  3. blood colloid osmotic pressure.
  4. blood hydrostatic pressure.
  5. glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

back 15

C

front 16

The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called

  1. reabsorption.
  2. filtration.
  3. bulk flow.
  4. osmosis.
  5. transcytosis.

back 16

B

front 17

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called

  1. stroke volume.
  2. tidal volume.
  3. cardiac output.
  4. cardiac reserve.
  5. total peripheral resistance.

back 17

C

front 18

Cardiac output is dependent on both

  1. heart rate and stroke volume.
  2. stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance.
  3. heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.
  4. blood type and stroke volume.
  5. blood pressure and heart rate

back 18

A

front 19

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?

  1. Increased blood volume
  2. Increased sympathetic stimulation
  3. Increased heart rate
  4. Increased stroke volume
  5. Increased arteriolar vasodilation

back 19

E

front 20

Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance?

  1. Decreased diameter of systemic arterioles
  2. Increased blood viscosity
  3. Decreased length of the systemic circulatory route
  4. Increased vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles
  5. Increased red blood cell count

back 20

C

front 21

Which of the following characteristics of blood depends mostly on the ratio of RBCs to plasma volume?

  1. total blood volume
  2. blood viscosity
  3. venous return
  4. clotting time
  5. immunoglobulin profile

back 21

B

front 22

Circulation time

  1. varies with diet.
  2. is set by the hypothalamus.
  3. in a resting human is normally 1 minute.
  4. depends on hormones released from the liver.
  5. that is lower than 20 seconds will lead to heart failure.

back 22

C

front 23

The cardiovascular center is located

  1. in the thoracic cavity.
  2. in the cerebral cortex.
  3. in the cerebellum.
  4. in the medulla oblongata.
  5. in the hypothalamus.

back 23

D

front 24

All of the following aid in venous return of blood to heart EXCEPT

  1. the skeletal muscle pump.
  2. the respiratory pump
  3. blood viscosity.
  4. venoconstriction
  5. venous valves.

back 24

C

front 25

Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?

  1. Increased systemic vascular resistance
  2. Increased parasympathetic stimulation
  3. Decreased heart rate
  4. Decreased stroke volume
  5. Decreased cardiac output

back 25

A

front 26

Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?

  1. Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)
  2. Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
  3. Aldosterone
  4. Angiotensin
  5. Epinephrine

back 26

A

front 27

When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT

  1. increased vasoconstriction of arterioles.
  2. increased blood pressure.
  3. decreased respiratory rate.
  4. increased sympathetic stimulation of arterioles and veins.
  5. increased vasoconstriction of veins.

back 27

C

front 28

The myogenic response of smooth muscle results in

  1. more forceful contractions when stretched.
  2. more forceful contractions when relaxed
  3. tetany.
  4. relaxation of smooth muscle when stretched.
  5. formation of new desmosomes.

back 28

A

front 29

What do the following chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic acid, nitric oxide, and adenosine?

  1. All potent vasoconstrictors.
  2. All potent vasodilators.
  3. Used to stimulate smooth muscle contractions.
  4. Directly regulate the cardiac center of the hypothalamus.
  5. Decrease systolic blood pressure.

back 29

B

front 30

In which of the following types of blood vessels is blood pressure NOT pulsing?

1. Arteries

2. Capillaries

3. Arterioles

4. Venules

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 3 only
  4. 4 only
  5. Both 2 and 3

back 30

E

front 31

Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause an large increase in the

  1. blood colloid osmotic pressure.
  2. central venous pressure.
  3. pulse pressure.
  4. venular hydrostatic pressure.
  5. capillary hyrdostatic pressure.

back 31

C

front 32

This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume.

  1. Hypovolemic
  2. Cardiogenic
  3. Vascular
  4. Obstructive
  5. Neurogenic

back 32

A

front 33

Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A and B
  5. A, B and C

back 33

B

front 34

Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall is composed of a simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A and B
  5. A, B, and C

back 34

A

front 35

Which labeled structure in the figure is a metarteriole?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. F
  5. E

back 35

B

front 36

Which labeled structure in the figure is a capillary?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 36

D

front 37

Which labeled structure in the figure is a precapillary sphincter?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 37

C

front 38

Which of the capillaries shown in the figure has an incomplete or absent basement membrane?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A and B
  5. A, B, and C

back 38

C

front 39

Which of the types of capillaries shown in the figure is commonly found in the kidneys, villi of the small intestine, choroid plexuses, and some endocrine glands?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. A and B
  5. B and C

back 39

B

front 40

What physiological process is depicted in this figure?

  1. Venous blood blockage
  2. Skeletal muscle pump
  3. Respiratory pump
  4. Thoroughfare channels
  5. Anastomosis

back 40

B

front 41

What do following arteries have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and common carotid artery?

  1. They are all areas where Korotkoff sounds cannot be heard.
  2. They are all only found on the left side of the body.
  3. They are all common pulse points.
  4. They all contain baroreceptors.
  5. They all deliver blood to structures in the head.

back 41

C

front 42

Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock?

  1. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system.
  2. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  3. Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
  4. Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
  5. Release of local vasodilators.

back 42

D

front 43

All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the

  1. superior vena cava.
  2. inferior vena cava.
  3. coronary sinus.
  4. superior and inferior vena cava.
  5. superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

back 43

E

front 44

The pulmonary trunk divides into

  1. brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
  2. right and left subclavain arteries.
  3. right and left pulmonary veins.
  4. right and left pulmonary arteries.
  5. right and left common carotid arteries.

back 44

D

front 45

In fetal circulation, what is the opening between the right and left atria called?

  1. Ductus venousus
  2. Umbilicus
  3. Fossa ovalis
  4. Foramen ovale
  5. Ductus arteriosus

back 45

D

front 46

Which of the following vessels is a pulse point found at the wrist?

  1. Radial artery
  2. Subclavian artery
  3. Axillary artery
  4. Cephalic artery
  5. Palmar artery

back 46

A

front 47

Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

  1. Radial artery
  2. Subclavian artery
  3. Mesenteric artery
  4. Coronary artery
  5. Popliteal artery

back 47

C

front 48

Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the kidneys?

  1. Hepatic artery
  2. Renal artery
  3. Mesenteric artery
  4. Coronary artery
  5. Popliteal artery

back 48

B

front 49

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

  1. Jugular vein
  2. Superior vena cava
  3. Tibial vein
  4. Coronary vein
  5. Inferior mesenteric vein

back 49

C

front 50

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

  1. Median cubital vein
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. Axillary vein
  4. Femoral vein
  5. Jugular vein

back 50

E

front 51

Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium?

  1. Inferior vena cava
  2. Superior vena cava
  3. Tibial vein
  4. Coronary vein
  5. Iliac vein

back 51

A

front 52

When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with

  1. placental fluid.
  2. platelet plugs.
  3. connective tissue.
  4. smooth muscle.
  5. epithelial tissue.

back 52

C

front 53

Which vessel in the figure is labeled “E”?

  1. right ulnar artery
  2. right subclavian artery
  3. right radial artery
  4. right brachial artery
  5. right axillary artery

back 53

A

front 54

Which vessel in the figure is labeled “D”?

  1. right ulnar artery
  2. right subclavian artery
  3. right radial artery
  4. right brachial artery
  5. right axillary artery

back 54

C

front 55

Which vessel in the figure is labeled “B”?

  1. right ulnar artery
  2. right subclavian artery
  3. right radial artery
  4. right brachial artery
  5. right axillary artery

back 55

B

front 56

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

  1. right ulnar artery
  2. right subclavian artery
  3. right radial artery
  4. right brachial artery
  5. right axillary artery

back 56

D

front 57

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "A"?

  1. right subclavian artery
  2. right radial artery
  3. right common carotid artery
  4. right brachial artery
  5. right axillary artery

back 57

C

front 58

Oxygenated blood is directly carried into the vessel labeled "F" by both

  1. right subclavian artery and right axillary artery.
  2. right radial artery and right ulnar artery.
  3. right common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk.
  4. right brachial artery and right ulnar artery.
  5. right axillary artery and right ulnar artery.

back 58

B

front 59

Oxygenated blood is carried directly into the vessel labeled E by the

  1. right subclavian artery.
  2. right radial artery.
  3. right common carotid artery.
  4. right brachial artery.
  5. right axillary artery.

back 59

D

front 60

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "B"?

  1. left femoral vein
  2. left great saphenous vein
  3. left popliteal vein
  4. left anterior tibial vein
  5. left fibular vein

back 60

A

front 61

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

  1. left femoral vein
  2. left great saphenous vein
  3. left popliteal vein
  4. left anterior tibial vein
  5. left fibular vein

back 61

B

front 62

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "D"?

  1. left femoral vein
  2. left great saphenous vein
  3. left popliteal vein
  4. left anterior tibial vein
  5. left fibular vein

back 62

C

front 63

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "F"?

  1. left femoral vein
  2. left great saphenous vein
  3. left popliteal vein
  4. left anterior tibial vein
  5. left small saphenous vein

back 63

D

front 64

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "E"?

  1. left femoral vein
  2. left great saphenous vein
  3. left popliteal vein
  4. left anterior tibial vein
  5. left small saphenous vein

back 64

E

front 65

Deoxygenated blood draining from the vessel labeled “F” in the figure, immediately travels into the

  1. left small saphenous vein.
  2. left femoral vein.
  3. left great saphenous vein.
  4. left posterior tibial vein.
  5. left popliteal vein.

back 65

E

front 66

Deoxygenated blood draining from the vessel labeled “E” in the figure, immediately travels into the

  1. left small saphenous vein.
  2. left femoral vein.
  3. left anterior tibial vein.
  4. left posterior tibial vein.
  5. left popliteal vein.

back 66

E

front 67

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "C"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. left gonadal vein
  4. right renal vein
  5. right suprarenal vein

back 67

C

front 68

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "D"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. right renal vein
  4. right suprarenal vein
  5. pericardial vein

back 68

C

front 69

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "B"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. right suprarenal vein
  4. pericardial vein
  5. azygos vein

back 69

B

front 70

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "A"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. right suprarenal vein
  4. pericardial vein
  5. azygos vein

back 70

A

front 71

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "G"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. right suprarenal vein
  4. pericardial vein
  5. azygos vein

back 71

E

front 72

Which vessel in the figure is labeled "F"?

  1. accessory hemiazygos vein
  2. hemiazygos vein
  3. right suprarenal vein
  4. pericardial vein
  5. azygos vein

back 72

D

front 73

During embryonic development, blood vessels are formed by

  1. endodermal cells.
  2. pluripotent stem cells.
  3. angioblasts.
  4. fibroblasts.
  5. osteoblasts.

back 73

C

front 74

During embryonic development, blood cells are formed from

  1. endodermal cells.
  2. pluripotent stem cells.
  3. angioblasts.
  4. fibroblasts.
  5. osteoblasts.

back 74

B

front 75

Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is

  1. 120/80.
  2. 130/90.
  3. 80/120.
  4. 100/80.
  5. 150/85.

back 75

A

front 76

Which of the following types of blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure?

  1. arterioles
  2. capillaries
  3. venules
  4. veins
  5. vena cavae

back 76

A

front 77

What would the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a blood pressure of 120/80?

  1. 40; 100
  2. 40; 93.3
  3. 40; 103.3
  4. 200; 100
  5. 100; 200

back 77

B

front 78

Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in response to hypovolemic shock?

  1. Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone.
  2. Kidneys conserve salt and water.
  3. Heart rate increases.
  4. Systemic arterioles vasodilate.
  5. Heart contractility increases.

back 78

D

front 79

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

  1. right atrium to the right ventricle .
  2. right ventricle to the left atrium.
  3. left atrium to the left ventricle.
  4. left ventricle to the right atrium.
  5. left ventricle to the coronary sinus.

back 79

B

front 80

All of the following changes are commonly observed in the cardiovascular system in response to aging EXCEPT

  1. decreased cardiac output.
  2. increased compliance of the aorta.
  3. loss of cardiac muscle strength.
  4. decline in maximum heart rate.
  5. increased systolic blood pressure.

back 80

B

front 81

Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

  1. Normal
  2. High normal
  3. Prehypertension
  4. Stage 1 hypertension
  5. Stage 2 hypertension

back 81

D

front 82

Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion?

  1. Diuretics
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. Beta blockers
  4. Calcium channel blockers
  5. Anabolic steroids

back 82

B