front 1 What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development? | back 1 Industry vs. Inferiority |
front 2 What are Freud's five stages of Psychosexual Development? | back 2 Oral, Anal, Phalic, Latent, Genital |
front 3 Which of Freud's PsychoSexual stages occurs in middle childhood and what are the characteristics of this stage? | back 3 Latency,
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front 4 What are the characteristics of High Self Esteem? | back 4 confidence, self assurance, and positive self image |
front 5 What is the term for the capacity to adapt well despite of significant adversity and to overcome serious stress? | back 5 Resilience |
front 6 What is the term for household influences that are the same for two people? | back 6 Shared environment.
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front 7 If a family moves, what is the impact on a child in middle childhood and would this be a shared environmental factor? | back 7 Each child is affected differently so the situation is a non-shared environmental factor. |
front 8 What is the term for the evaluation method that observes how any risk factor (such as low income, divorce, unemployment) increases the stress on a family. | back 8 Family-Stress Model |
front 9 What is the term for the ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior | back 9 Social Cognition
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front 10 What type of bullying is characteristic of girls? | back 10 Verbal aggression (teasing, taunting, name calling)
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front 11 What are successful ways to halt bulling? | back 11 Whole school strategy- uses an ecological-systems approach. Pamphlets sent to parents, videos shown in school, train school staff, increase supervision at recess, classroom discussions on how to stop bullying and befriend lonely children. |
front 12 Who developed 3 stages of moral reasoning? | back 12 Kohlberg |
front 13 What are the three stages of moral reasoning? | back 13 1. Preconventional: Emphasizes rewards and punishments
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front 14 What is Piaget's cognitive structure attained in middle childhood and what does it involve? | back 14 Concrete operational thought: involves the ability to reason logically about direct experience and perceptions |
front 15 What is Piaget's cognitive structure attained in adolescence and what does it involve? | back 15 Formal Operational Thought: involves the ability to apply systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas. Also includes hypothetical thought- reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality. (if-then scenarios) |
front 16 What is the term for a girl's first menstrual period signaling that she has begun ovulation? | back 16 Menarche |
front 17 How long does puberty typically last? | back 17 3-5 years |
front 18 What is the relationship between hormones and schizophrenia & depression? | back 18 Abnormalities in the HPA axis in adolescence - psychopathology is connected to hormones and appear for the first time or worsen at puberty |
front 19 How do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland effect hormone regulation? | back 19 Hypothalamus releases hormones to stimulate pituitary
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front 20 At what point does weight gain occur in puberty? | back 20 Four years after the first signs of puberty appear. Late teens to early 20's |
front 21 What effect does low body weight have on the start of puberty? | back 21 Puberty is delayed |
front 22 What are some symptoms of anorexia nervosa? | back 22 Refusal to maintain a body weight in the 85%
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front 23 What percentage of anorexics die by organ failure or suicide? | back 23 5-10% (according to web md) If you find a different percentage in the book, please put it in the comments section. |
front 24 What is the term for the parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis? | back 24 Primary sex characteristics |
front 25 What is the rate of teen births and abortions in the U.S.? | back 25 Teen birth- Increased in 2007 to 22/1000
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front 26 What is the most likely STI for teenagers? | back 26 HPV |
front 27 What part of the brain matures last? | back 27 Prefrontal Cortex |
front 28 What is the term for an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's? | back 28 Adolescent egocentrism |
front 29 What is the term for an adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal? | back 29 Invincibility Fable |
front 30 What is the term for reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality. Reasoning about if-then propositions? | back 30 Hypothetical thought |
front 31 What is the term for top down reasoning- reasoning from a general premise through logical steps to figure out specifics. | back 31 Deductive Reasoning |
front 32 What is the term for bottom up reasoning- reasoning from one or more specific experiences to reach a general conclusion. (Less advanced than the the other type of reasoning) | back 32 Inductive reasoning. |
front 33 What are four facts about religion and teenagers? | back 33 Most feel close to god
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front 34 What is the relationship between completing High School and health? | back 34 Lower smoking rate among those with a high school degree. More access to health care. |
front 35 What happens to academic achievement during middle school years? | back 35 It slows down.
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front 36 What is the term for the gap between students who have access to computers and those who do not? | back 36 The digital divide. (Less of an issue in U.S. now that schools have computers) |
front 37 ** What are the results of research on adolescents and video games? | back 37 Tend to be more aggressive
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front 38 ** What is the percent of students cyberbullied? | back 38 37%-43% Cyberbullied (This is what I found online) Anyone find the statistic in the book?)
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front 39 What is the age range for emerging adulthood? | back 39 18-25 |
front 40 What is the age for maximum height in girls and boys? | back 40 Girls: 16
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front 41 What is the rate of chronic illness in emerging adulthood? | back 41 4% - The lowest rate of any age group |
front 42 What is the term for the adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium? | back 42 Homeostasis |
front 43 When does senescence begin? | back 43 In emerging adulthood as soon as full growth is reached. |
front 44 What is the term for the capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra unused functioning ability? | back 44 Organ reserve.
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front 45 What are the ages of peak fertility in women? | back 45 18-25
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front 46 What is the term for the ratio of a person's weight in kg divided by his or her height in meters squared? | back 46 Body Mass Index
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front 47 What is the term for the approach to intelligence that treats it as a measurable factor? | back 47 Psychometric approach to Intelligence
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front 48 What are the three differences between adult thinking and earlier thinking? | back 48 More practical
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front 49 What is the term for the additional cognitive development stage (after Piaget's 4) that is characterized by problem finding? A person is more open with ideas and less concerned with absolute right and wrong in this stage. | back 49 Postformal |
front 50 What are the characteristics for time management in emerging adults? | back 50 It is a struggle for emerging adults but is usually mastered as cognition matures. |
front 51 What is the self description that are more common in adolescents than in adults and are characterized by a high level of self-involvement and a low level of self doubt? | back 51 protective self description |
front 52 What are the characteristics of the problem solving abilities of adolescents? | back 52 Adolescents think less abstractly and have less cognitive flexibility. |
front 53 What is the most advanced cognitive process which is the ability to consider a thesis and it's atithesis and arrive at a synthesis. (Being able to see the pros and cons of a situation. | back 53 Dialectical Thought
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front 54 When do moral issues begin to mature? | back 54 Emerging adulthood |
front 55 According to Gilligan, how do the two sexes approach moral decisions differently? | back 55 Female: morality of care
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front 56 What is the theory that developed a sequence of six stages of faith? | back 56 Fowler theory of faith development
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front 57 What are the three phases of cognitive development in college students? | back 57 Dualism modified
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front 58 What are two invisible aspects of aging? | back 58 Hight blood pressure and cholesterol |
front 59 What happens to the size of the brain as we age in adulthood? | back 59 It decreases |
front 60 What is the most visible sign of senescence? | back 60 Skin becomes thinner and less flexible and wrinkles become visible- especially around the eyes |
front 61 What is one organ system showing significant effects of aging | back 61 Sense Organs (Vision and Hearing) Aging Hearing is called Presbycusis |
front 62 The time in middle age (usually around 50) when a woman's menstrual periods cease completely and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops completely. Dated one year after a woman's last menstrual period is called________ | back 62 menopause |
front 63 What are the long term effects of hormone replacement therapy? | back 63 Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer |
front 64 What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America? | back 64 Lung Cancer |
front 65 How many drinks signals binge drinking? | back 65 5 or more drinks on a single occasion in the past year. |
front 66 What percentage of Americans are overweight? | back 66 66% |
front 67 What is the trend when comparing male and female longevity? | back 67 Women typically live 5 years longer than men.
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front 68 What is the term for the idea that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities? According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability. | back 68 General Intelligence (called G)
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front 69 What is the types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough? This includes abilities such as working memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking. | back 69 Fluid Intelligence |
front 70 What is the types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning? Vocabulary and general information are examples. | back 70 Crystallized Intelligence |
front 71 What was the cross-sequential study of adult intelligence that showed people improve in most mental abilities during adulthood? | back 71 Seattle Longitudinal Study (conducted by K. Warner Schaie) Study lasted more than 50 years. Every 7 years a new cohort was added. |
front 72 What were the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal Study? | back 72 People improve in adulthood and decline later in life.
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front 73 What factors can influence IQ? | back 73 Health, emotions, and history |
front 74 What are Sternberg's three forms of intelligence? | back 74 Analytic, Creative, Practical |
front 75 What did Balte's study on aging and cognitive abilities find? | back 75 Test hundreds of older Germans. Only at age 80 did every cognitive ability show age-related average declines. |
front 76 What is the definition of intelligence? | back 76 Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person's intellectual performance will vary on different occasions, in different domains, as judged by different criteria. |
front 77 What is the form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing as well as verbal and logical skills? | back 77 analytic intelligence |
front 78 What is the form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative? | back 78 creative intelligence |
front 79 What is the form of intelligence that is used in everyday problem solving? | back 79 practical intelligence |
front 80 What is the Baltes theory of selective optimization with compensation? | back 80 People try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well. |
front 81 What is the thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought? Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges. | back 81 Automatic processing |
front 82 What is a prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age? | back 82 Ageism |
front 83 What is the multidisciplinary study of old age? | back 83 Gerontology |
front 84 What is the largest group of older adults? | back 84 Young-old (70%) |
front 85 What percentage of the world's population will be over 65 in 2050? | back 85 16 percent |
front 86 What is the term for the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older? | back 86 primary aging |
front 87 What is the term for the specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging but are caused by health habits, genes, and other influences that vary from person to person? | back 87 secondary aging |
front 88 What is the term for a shortening of the time a person spends ill or infirm before death; accomplished by postponing illness? | back 88 Compression of morbidity
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front 89 Term for a buildup of fluid in the eye? The pressure from this fluid damages the optic nerve causing the visual field to narrow and eventually causing blindness. | back 89 Glaucoma (Can relieve the problem with eye drops or laser surgery. Occurs at younger ages among African Americans and diabetics) |
front 90 What is the theory of aging by which the human body wears out due to the passage of time and exposure to stressors? | back 90 Wear and Tear |
front 91 What is the term for the oldest possible age to which members of a species can live, under ideal circumstances? 122 years for humans. | back 91 Maximum life span |
front 92 What is the term for the number of times a human cell is capable of dividing? The limit for most human cells is approx. 50 divisions. | back 92 Hayflick limit |
front 93 What is the term for the study of death and dying, especially of the social and emotional aspects? | back 93 Thanatology |
front 94 What is the most common cause of death in 15-24 year olds? | back 94 Accidents (45%) |
front 95 What is the term for an episode in which a person comes close to dying but survives and reports having left his or her body and having moved toward a bright, white light while feeling peacefulness and joy? | back 95 Near-death experience |
front 96 What was the location of the first modern hospice? | back 96 London (1950's) |
front 97 What is the fourth stage of dying according to Kubler-Ross? | back 97 Depression |
front 98 What is the term for care designed not to treat an illness but to relieve the pain and suffering of the patient and his or her family? | back 98 palliative care |
front 99 What is a requirement for entering hospice? | back 99 1. Patient must be terminally ill with death anticipated within six months.
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front 100 What organ is used to define death? | back 100 Brain - when brainwaves cease |
front 101 What is the term for a situation in which a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, through the cessation of medical interventions? | back 101 passive euthanasia |