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Chapter 19 - Microbiology BIOL 2420

front 1

Hypersensitivity is due to

A) The presence of an antigen

B) Immunity

C) The presence of antibodies

D) An altered immune response

E) Allergies

back 1

D

front 2

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

A) Found in basophils and mast cells

B) Antibodies

C) Antigens

D) Antigen-antibody complexes

E) The proteins of the complement system

back 2

A

front 3

Which of the following may result form systemic anaphylaxis?

A) Hay fever

B) Asthma

C) Shock

D) Hives

E) None of the above

back 3

C

front 4

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh-?

A) anti A, anti B, anti Rh

B) anti A, anti Rh

C) anti A

D) anti B, anti Rh

E) anti B

back 4

C

front 5

Which type of transplant is least compatible?

A)Autograft

B) Allograft

C) Isograft

D) Xenotransplant

E) None of the above

back 5

D

front 6

Which of the following is not used to determine relatedness between a donor and a recipient for transplants?

A) ABO antigens

B) ABO antibodies

C) MHC antegens

D) MHC antibodies

E) None of the above

back 6

E

front 7

Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of

A) a skin graft

B) a bone marrow transplant

C) a blood transfusion

D) an Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus

E) all of the above

back 7

B

front 8

Which of the following is not an immune complex disease?

A) Rheumatic fever

B) Systemic lupus erythematosus

C) Hemolytic disease of the newborn

D) Glomerulonephritis

E) None of the above

back 8

C

front 9

Cancer cells may escape the immune system because

A) They are recognized as "self"

B) Antibodies are not formed against cancer cells

C) Killer T cells react with tumor-specific antigens

D) Tumor cells shed their specific antigens

E) None of the above

back 9

D

front 10

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

A) Destruction of the antigen.
B) Complement fixation.
C) Phagocytosis.
D) Antibodies against self.
E) Cytokines.

back 10

B

front 11

Autoimmunity is due to

A) IgG and IgM antibodies.
B) IgA antibodies.
C) IgD antibodies.
D) IgE antibodies. E) CTLs.

back 11

A

front 12

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

A) Sensitized T cells.
B) IgG antibodies.
C) IgE antibodies.
D) IgM antibodies.
E) All of the above.

back 12

A

front 13

Immunotoxins can be used to treat cancer because they

A) Phagocytize foreign cells

B) Fix complement

C) Poison cells

D) Agglutinate cells

E) None of the above

back 13

C

front 14

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

A) Heterosexual intercourse

B) Homosexual intercourse

C) Intravenous drug use

D) Blood transfusions

E) Nosocomial

back 14

A

front 15

A hypersensitivity reaction occurs

A) During the first exposure to an antigen.
B) On a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen.
C) In immunologically tolerant individuals.
D) During autoimmune diseases.
E) In individuals with diseases of the immune system.

back 15

B

front 16

All of the following statements about type I hypersensitivities are true except

A) They are cell-mediated.
B) They involve IgE antibodies.
C) The symptoms are due to histamine.
D) Antibodies are bound to host cells.
E) The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen.

back 16

A

front 17

All of the following statements about type IV hypersensitivities are true except

A) They are cell-mediated.
B) The symptoms occur within a few days after exposure to an antigen.
C) They can be passively transferred with serum.
D) The symptoms are due to lymphokines.
E) They contribute to the symptoms of certain diseases.

back 17

C

front 18

Which of the following blood transfusions are incompatible?

Donor Recipient
1. AB, Rh- AB, Rh+
2. A, Rh+ A, Rh-
3. A, Rh+ O, Rh+
4. B, Rh- B, Rh+
5. B, Rh+ A, Rh+

A) 2 and 5
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 2, 3, and 5
D) 3 and 4
E) 1 and 2

back 18

C

front 19

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from

A) An Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus.
B) An Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus.
C) An AB mother with a B fetus.
D) An AB mother with an O fetus.
E) An Rh- mother and an A fetus.

back 19

B

front 20

Reaction of antigen with IgE antibodies attached to mast cells causes

A) Lysis of the cells.
B) Release of chemical mediators.
C) Complement fixation.
D) Agglutination.
E) Hemolysis.

back 20

B

front 21

Which of the following involves a monoclonal anti-tumor antibody and a toxin?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression
E) Immune complex

back 21

C

front 22

Which of the following may be inherited or result from HIV infection?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression
E) Autoimmunity

back 22

D

front 23

Treatment with certain drugs to reduce transplant rejection can cause

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.

back 23

D

front 24

Cancer cells avoid the immune system by

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.
E) Autoimmunity

back 24

D

front 25

Which of the following is the body's response to tumor-specific antigen?

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.

back 25

B

front 26

Which of the following results in increased susceptibility to infection?

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.

back 26

D

front 27

Hay fever is an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity

B) Type II hypersensitivity

C) Type III hypersensitivity

D) Type IV hypersensitivity

E) All of the above

back 27

A

front 28

Transfusion reactions are an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity

B) Type II hypersensitivity

C) Type III hypersensitivity

D) Type IV hypersensitivity

E) All of the above

back 28

B

front 29

Transplant rejection is an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity

B) Type II hypersensitivity

C) Type III hypersensitivity

D) Type IV hypersensitivity

E) All of the above

back 29

D

front 30

Which one of the following statements about HIV is not true?

A) The T-cell response triggers viral multiplication

B) HIV van be transmitted by cell-to-cell contact

C) Bone marrow can be a reservoir for future infection

D) Viral infection of the TH cells results in signs elsewhere in the patient

E) HIV infection directly causes death

back 30

E

front 31

Someone with AIDS probably

A) Does not make any antibodies.
B) Makes T-dependent antibodies.
C) Makes T-independent antibodies.
D) Makes TC- and TD-dependent antibodies.
E) None of the above.

back 31

C

front 32

Which of the following is the least likely vaccine against HIV?

A) Attenuated virus

B) Glycoprotein

C) Protein core

D) Subunit

E) None of the above

back 32

A

front 33

Antibodies against HIV are ineffective for all of the following reasons except

A) Antibodies arenʹt made against HIV.
B) Transmission by cell-to-cell fusion.
C) Antigenic change.
D) Latency.
E) Virus particles staying in vesicles.

back 33

A

front 34

The outcome of an HIV infection could be all of the following except

A) Latency

B) Slow production

C) TC-killing infected cells

D) Viral-killing of infected cells

E) None of the above

back 34

E

front 35

Which of these causes of glomerulonephritis leads to all the others?

A) Antibodies against Streptococcus
B) Circulating immune complexes
C) Complement fixation
D) Formation of immune complexes
E) Production of IgG

back 35

A

front 36

Which of these causes damage to kidney cells in glomerulonephritis?

A) Antibodies against Streptococcus
B) Circulating immune complexes
C) Complement fixation
D) Formation of immune complexes
E) Production of IgG

back 36

C

front 37

HIV is transmitted by all of the following except

A) Homosexual activity
B) Heterosexual activity
C) Hypodermic needles
D) Mosquitoes
E) Human milk

back 37

D

front 38

Drugs, such as AZT and ddC, currently used to treat AIDS act by

A) Stimulatory TH cells.
B) Stopping DNA synthesis.
C) Promoting antibody formation.
D) Neutralizing the virus.
E) All of the above.

back 38

B

front 39

The following events occur if human cells expressing HLA-I are mixed with anti-HLA-I, complement, and trypan blue. What step indicates the cells are HLA-I?

A) The MAC makes a pore in the plasma membrane.
B) Complement is fixed.
C) Trypan blue enters the cells.
D) Antibody binds to the cells.
E) None of the above; the T cells are missing.

back 39

A

front 40

Which of the following is NOT considered a type I hypersensitivity?

A) Asthma
B) Dust allergies
C) Penicillin allergic reactions
D) Pollen allergies
E) Transplant rejections

back 40

E

front 41

Immunodeficiencies are caused by all of the following. Which one does NOT cause an acquired immunodeficiency?

A) Chromosomal-linked B-cell deficiency
B) Cyclosporine to inhibit IL-2 secretion
C) HIV infection
D) Rapamycin to inhibit IL-2 action
E) All of the above cause an acquired immunodeficiency.

back 41

A

front 42

Which of the following describes a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?

A) Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.
B) Antibodies are not made.
C) Cells are killed.
D) Immune complexes form.
E) Mediate by T cells.

back 42

A

front 43

Clinical AIDS is diagnosed when

A) A patient has lymphadenopathy.
B) HIV is found in a patient by Western blotting.
C) The CD4 T-cell count is <200/mm3.
D) The patient has persistent diarrhea.
E) The patient has antibodies against HIV.

back 43

C

front 44

In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of

A) Cytotoxic autoimmunity.
B) Immune complex autoimmunity.
C) Cell-mediated autoimmunity.
D) Immunosuppression.
E) Acquired immunodeficiency.

back 44

B

front 45

MMR vaccine contains hydrolyzed gelatin. A person receiving this vaccine could develop an anaphylactic reaction if the person has

A) An immunodeficiency.
B) Antibodies against eggs.
C) Antibodies against gelatin.
D) Received the influenza vaccine.
E) None of the above.

back 45

C