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Viewing:

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

front 1

This is the mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs.

  1. Epicardium
  2. Parietal layer
  3. Pericardial tissue
  4. Mediastinum
  5. Fibrous cardium

back 1

D

front 2

This is the layer that protects the heart.

  1. Epicardium
  2. Parietal layer
  3. Myocardial tissue
  4. Mediastinum
  5. Endocardium

back 2

A

front 3

To which side of the body is the apex pointed?

  1. At the midline
  2. To the left
  3. To the right
  4. Different for males and females
  5. Posteriorly

back 3

B

front 4

Which of the following consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue?

  1. Parietal layer of pericardium
  2. Serous pericardium
  3. Fibrous pericardium
  4. Epicardium
  5. Pericardial cavity

back 4

C

front 5

This is used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart.

  1. Epicardium
  2. Endocardium layer
  3. Pericardium
  4. Pericardial (serous) fluid
  5. Pericardial cavity

back 5

D

front 6

This consists of mesothelium and connective tissue.

  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
  4. Pericardial cavity
  5. Fibrous pericardium

back 6

A

front 7

Which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

  1. Epicardium
  2. Pericardium
  3. Myocardium
  4. Endocardium
  5. Hypocardium

back 7

C

front 8

This is used to increase the capacity of the atrium.

  1. Ventricle
  2. Coronary sulcus
  3. Fossa ovalis
  4. Interatrial septum
  5. Auricle.

back 8

E

front 9

This marks the boundary between the ventricles.

  1. Coronary sulcus
  2. Anterior interventricular sulcus
  3. Posterior interventricular sulcus
  4. Coronary sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
  5. Anterior and posterior intercentricular sulcus

back 9

E

front 10

These extend into the auricle.

  1. Pectinate muscles
  2. Interatrial septum
  3. Coronary sulcus
  4. Ventricle
  5. Chordae tendinae

back 10

A

front 11

Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

  1. Bicuspid valve
  2. Interventricular septum
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. Mitral valve
  5. Ascending aorta

back 11

C

front 12

What types of tissue comprise the valves of the heart?

  1. Dense regular connective tissue
  2. Dense irregular connective tissue
  3. Areolar connective tissue
  4. Hyaline cartilage
  5. Cardiac muscle tissue

back 12

B

front 13

From the left ventricle, where does blood pass?

  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Bicuspid valve
  4. Aortic semilunar valve
  5. Pulmonary trunk

back 13

D

front 14

In a fetus, this structure temporarily shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

  1. Fossa ovalis
  2. Foramen ovale
  3. Trabeculae carnae
  4. Descending aorta
  5. Ductus arteriosus

back 14

E

front 15

As each ventricle contracts where does blood move?

  1. Into an artery
  2. Into the apex
  3. Into a vein
  4. Through an atrioventricular valve
  5. Through the apex

back 15

A

front 16

As each atrium contracts where does blood move?

  1. Into an auricle
  2. Into an artery
  3. Into a vein
  4. Through an atrioventricular valve
  5. Through a semilunar valve

back 16

D

front 17

Which of the below valves prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs?

  1. Tricuspid valve
  2. Bicuspid valve
  3. Pulmonary valve
  4. Aortic valve
  5. Pulmonary vein

back 17

C

front 18

In this disorder the aortic valve is narrowed.

  1. Aortic insufficiency
  2. Rheumatic fever
  3. Mitral valve prolapse
  4. Aortic stenosis
  5. Mitral insufficiency

back 18

D

front 19

This heart structure carries deoxygenated blood.

  1. Left atrium and ventricle
  2. Left atrium only
  3. Right atrium and ventricle
  4. Right ventricle only
  5. Left atrium and right ventricle

back 19

C

front 20

This vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

  1. Coronary artery
  2. Coronary vein
  3. Right ventricle
  4. Left auricle
  5. Myocardial vein

back 20

A

front 21

Cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring fibers by

  1. Desmosomes
  2. Intermediate discs
  3. Gap junctions
  4. Contractile fibers
  5. Chordae tendinae

back 21

C

front 22

Which of the following contains the largest amount of mitochondria?

  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Skeletal muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
  4. Hepatocytes
  5. Leukocytes

back 22

C

front 23

This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart.

  1. Pacemaker
  2. Sinoatrial node
  3. Purkinje fibers
  4. Conduction system
  5. Bundle of His

back 23

D

front 24

This is a the correct sequence of structures that allows the normal sequence of excitation to progress through the heart.

  1. Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Atrioventricular (AV) node
  2. Sinoatrial (SA), Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His
  3. Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His
  4. SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
  5. Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers

back 24

D

front 25

By comparison, cardiac muscle cells have _____________contraction plateau time than skeletal muscle cells.

  1. a shorter
  2. a longer
  3. no difference in

back 25

B

front 26

This is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute.

  1. Cardiac output
  2. Cardiac input
  3. Stroke volume
  4. Heart rate
  5. Auscultation

back 26

A

front 27

This term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction occurs and blood pressure rises.

  1. filling
  2. systole
  3. repolarization
  4. diastole
  5. fibrillation

back 27

B

front 28

Which of these periods represents greatest cardiac output?

  1. atrial diastole
  2. ventricular diastole
  3. atrial systole
  4. ventricular systole

back 28

D

front 29

The second heart sound represents which of the below events?

  1. Valvular stenosis
  2. Semilunar valves opening
  3. Atrioventricular valves closing
  4. Semilunar valves closing
  5. Atrioventricular valves opening

back 29

D

front 30

This part of the heart can initiate a contraction and can set a constant heart rate of about 100 beats per minute.

  1. Cardiac accelerator nerves
  2. Chemoreceptors
  3. Cardiovascular center
  4. Sinoatrial valve
  5. Proprioceptors

back 30

D

front 31

Stimulation of this nerve reduces heart rate.

  1. Cardiac accelerator nerve
  2. Hypoglossal nerve
  3. Medulla oblongata nerve
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Phrenic nerve

back 31

D

front 32

Which of the below reduces heart rate.

  1. Increased Norepinephrine hormone
  2. Increased Thyroid hormone
  3. Increased potassium levels
  4. Increased calcium levels
  5. Increased sympathetic stimulation

back 32

C

front 33

This part of the brain regulates heart rate.

  1. Cardiac accelerator nerves
  2. Chemoreceptors
  3. Medulla oblongata
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Proprioceptors

back 33

C

front 34

This electrical event represents repolarization of the ventricle.

  1. R wave
  2. T wave
  3. S wave
  4. P wave
  5. Q wave

back 34

B

front 35

Which of the below factors would increase Stroke volume?

  1. increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
  2. decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility
  3. increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility
  4. decreased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
  5. increased preload, increased afterload, decreased contractility

back 35

C

front 36

This electrical event triggers contraction of the atria.

  1. R wave
  2. T wave
  3. S wave
  4. P wave
  5. Q wave

back 36

D

front 37

This portion of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action.

  1. E
  2. F
  3. G
  4. H
  5. I

back 37

E

front 38

This is comprised of a thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue.

  1. C
  2. D
  3. E
  4. F
  5. G

back 38

D

front 39

Which layer of the pericardium consists of dense irregular connective tissue?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 39

B

front 40

In the diagram, where is the trabeculae carnae?

  1. D
  2. E
  3. F
  4. G
  5. H

back 40

D

front 41

In the diagram, where is the coronary sulcus?

  1. C
  2. E
  3. G
  4. H
  5. I

back 41

B

front 42

In the diagram, where is the left auricle of left atrium?

  1. C
  2. F
  3. G
  4. H
  5. I

back 42

C

front 43

In the diagram, where is the ascending aorta?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. F
  5. H

back 43

B

front 44

In the diagram, these contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat.

  1. F and H
  2. A and B
  3. C and G
  4. E and I
  5. D and F

back 44

D

front 45

In the diagram, where does the blood pass from the right atrium into the right ventricle?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 45

B

front 46

In the diagram, which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?

  1. B
  2. D
  3. E
  4. A
  5. None of the above

back 46

D

front 47

In the diagram, where is the atrioventricular valve?

  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. B and D
  5. B,D, and A

back 47

D

front 48

In the diagram, which labeled structure is the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery?

  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. E
  5. F

back 48

D

front 49

In the diagram, this supplies the walls of the ventricles with oxygenated blood.

  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. E
  5. F

back 49

E

front 50

In the diagram, all of the following carry oxygenated blood.

  1. A
  2. B
  3. F
  4. E
  5. All of the above

back 50

E

front 51

In the diagram, where is the marginal branch of the right coronary artery?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. D
  4. E
  5. F

back 51

B

front 52

In the diagram, which labeled structure is the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery?

  1. B
  2. D
  3. E
  4. F
  5. C

back 52

B

front 53

In the diagram, where is the posterior interventricular branch?

  1. B
  2. D
  3. E
  4. F
  5. C

back 53

D

front 54

Which phases of a heartbeat shown in the diagram involve repolarization of the heart’s four chambers?

  1. 1 and 4
  2. 2 and 4
  3. 4 and 6
  4. 1, 3, and 5
  5. 1, 2, 4 and 6
  6. 3 and 5

back 54

F

front 55

Where in the figure does depolarization events occur?

  1. 2 and 4
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2,4 and 6
  4. 1,3, and 5
  5. 4 and 6

back 55

B

front 56

Which of the following represents coarctation of the aorta?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 56

A

front 57

Which of the following represents an atrial septal defect?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 57

C

front 58

Which of the following represents the formation of the primitive heart tube?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 58

C

front 59

Which of the following represents formation of the endocardial tubes?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 59

B

front 60

Which blood vessel shown in the figure carries oxygenated blood to the lower thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity of the body?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
  4. F
  5. H

back 60

D

front 61

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a remnant of fetal circulation that is not directly involved in adult circulation?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. H
  4. D
  5. E

back 61

D

front 62

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. E
  5. I

back 62

D

front 63

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
  4. F
  5. H

back 63

A

front 64

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is the right common carotid artery?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
  4. F
  5. not shown in the diagram

back 64

E

front 65

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is the left subclavian artery?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
  4. F
  5. H

back 65

B

front 66

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a pouch-like extension that serves to slightly increase the capacity of an atrium?

  1. F
  2. E
  3. G
  4. I
  5. D

back 66

C

front 67

What labeled structure in the figure is the ligamentum arteriosum?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

back 67

D

front 68

Which labeled structure in the figure receives deoxygenated blood from the blood vessel labeled A?

  1. G
  2. C
  3. D
  4. I
  5. F

back 68

C

front 69

What labeled structure in the figure divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries to carry blood to the lungs?

  1. E
  2. A
  3. D
  4. G

back 69

A

front 70

Which structure in the figure is labeled B?

  1. left common carotid artery
  2. left subclavian artery
  3. left pulmonary vein
  4. mitral valve

back 70

B

front 71

Which structure in the figure is labeled C?

  1. arch of aorta
  2. pulmonary trunk
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. aortic valve

back 71

A

front 72

Which structure in the figure is labeled A?

  1. left common carotid artery
  2. left subclavian artery
  3. left pulmonary vein
  4. mitral valve

back 72

A

front 73

Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 73

A

front 74

Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 74

B

front 75

Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only potential pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 75

C

front 76

Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

back 76

E

front 77

Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the _____________ ventricle into the _____________ each minute.

  1. left, aorta
  2. right, aorta
  3. left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk
  4. right, pulmonary trunk
  5. both left and right aorta are correct

back 77

C

front 78

The difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the

  1. stroke volume.
  2. peripheral resistance.
  3. afterload.
  4. cardiac reserve.
  5. venous return.

back 78

D

front 79

What is the function of foramen ovale during fetal life?

  1. Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.
  2. Allowing blood to flow directly from the right ventricle into the left ventricle.
  3. Serves as a valve in the vena cava to regulate venous blood flow.
  4. Prevents back flow of blood from aorta into the left ventricle.
  5. Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.

back 79

A

front 80

Isovolumetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cardiac cycle in which

  1. the semilunar valves are open.
  2. ventricular repolarization occurs.
  3. atrial depolarization occurs.
  4. oxygenated blood leaves the heart into the systemic circulation.
  5. ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same.

back 80

E

front 81

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

  1. right atrium
  2. left atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
  5. right auricle

back 81

D

front 82

The process of listening to heart sounds using a stethoscope is referred to as

  1. palpitation.
  2. palpation.
  3. auscultation.
  4. fibrillation.
  5. echocardiography.

back 82

C

front 83

Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the of the heart.

  1. valves
  2. myocardium
  3. SA node
  4. AV node
  5. endocardium

back 83

A

front 84

Which of the following conditions would lead to an increase in the afterload for the ventricles thus lowering stroke volume and cardiac output?

  1. hypotension
  2. hypertension
  3. increased venous return
  4. decreased venous return
  5. positive inotropic agents

back 84

B

front 85

In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT

  1. a higher cardiac reserve.
  2. a higher resting cardiac output.
  3. a higher stroke volume.
  4. hypertrophy of the heart.
  5. resting bradycardia.

back 85

B

front 86

During heart transplants, the nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.

  1. glossopharyngeal
  2. cardiac accelerator
  3. vagus
  4. phrenic
  5. cervical spinal

back 86

C

front 87

A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patient’s own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart.

  1. myocardial infarction
  2. tetrology of Fallot
  3. cardiomyopathy
  4. cardiomegaly
  5. cardiomyoplasty

back 87

E