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chapter 25

front 1

1) Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called:

  1. a) Metabolism
  2. b) Anabolism
  3. c) Catabolism
  4. d) Metatheses
  5. e) Oxidation reactions

back 1

c

front 2

2) Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as

  1. a) Metabolism
  2. b) Anabolism
  3. c) Catabolism
  4. d) Metatheses
  5. e) None of these choices

back 2

b

front 3

3) When the terminal phosphate is cut off of ATP what is formed?

  1. a) Adenosine diphosphate
  2. b) GTP
  3. c) Adenosine monophosphate
  4. d) Metabolic water
  5. e) Glucose

back 3

a

front 4

4) Oxidation is

  1. a) The removal of protons
  2. b) The removal of electrons
  3. c) The addition of protons
  4. d) The addition of electrons
  5. e) None of these choices

back 4

b

front 5

5) Reduction is the

  1. a) The removal of protons
  2. b) The removal of electrons
  3. c) The addition of protons
  4. d) The addition of electrons
  5. e) None of these choices

back 5

d

front 6

6) Which of the following is a derivative of riboflavin?

  1. a) NAD
  2. b) FAD
  3. c) Lactic acid
  4. d) Pyruvic acid
  5. e) ADP

back 6

b

front 7

7) Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation?

  1. a) Reduction phosphorylation
  2. b) Substrate level phosphorylation
  3. c) Oxidative phosphorylation
  4. d) Photophosphorylation

e) None of these choices

back 7

a

front 8

8) Glycogenesis is NOT

  1. a) performed by the hepatocytes
  2. b) performed by muscle fibers
  3. c) one way to make glycogen
  4. d) one way to make glucose

e) only seen in the liver

back 8

d

front 9

9) Which process describes the synthesis of triglycerides?

  1. a) Gluconeogenesis
  2. b) Lipogenesis
  3. c) Phosphorylation
  4. d) Glycolysis
  5. e) Lipolysis

back 9

b

front 10

10) Which reaction describes the oxidization of acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH + H+ and FADH2?

  1. a) Glycolysis
  2. b) Formation of acetyl co-A
  3. c) Krebs cycle
  4. d) Electron transport chain

e) Phosphorylation

back 10

c

front 11

11) Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in:

  1. a) Lipogensis
  2. b) Gluconeogenesis
  3. c) Glucose catabolism
  4. d) Formation of Glycogen
  5. e) Formation of vitamin C

back 11

c

front 12

12) Which of the following is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis?

  1. a) ATP
  2. b) NADH
  3. c) Phosphofructokinase
  4. d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  5. e) FAD

back 12

c

front 13

13) Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found?

  1. a) Cytosol of the cell
  2. b) Plasma membrane
  3. c) Lysozyme
  4. d) Mitochondria
  5. e) Interstitial fluid

back 13

d

front 14

14) The most important product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is

  1. a) Carbon dioxide
  2. b) GTP
  3. c) Reduced coenzymes
  4. d) pyruvate
  5. e) water

back 14

c

front 15

15) The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include:

  1. a) water
  2. b) carbon dioxide
  3. c) ATP
  4. d) oxygen
  5. e) waste heat

back 15

d

front 16

16) How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle?

  1. a) 4
  2. b) 6
  3. c) 8
  4. d) 10
  5. e) 12

back 16

c

front 17

17) Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, is described as

  1. a) Proton pump
  2. b) Chemiosmosis
  3. c) Krebs cycle
  4. d) ATP synthesis
  5. e) Glycolysis

back 17

b

front 18

18) How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

  1. a) 0
  2. b) 1
  3. c) 2
  4. d) 3
  5. e) 4

back 18

c

front 19

19) Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis?

  1. a) Insulin
  2. b) Glucase
  3. c) Estrogen
  4. d) Lactic acid
  5. e) Protease

back 19

a

front 20

20) Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

  1. a) Insulin
  2. b) Human Growth hormone
  3. c) Epinephrine
  4. d) Thyroid hormone
  5. e) Cortisol

back 20

e

front 21

21) Glycogenolysis is [dropdown 1] and stimulated by [dropdown 2].

Dropdown 1 choices:

a)anabolic

b)catabolic

c)synthetic

d)dynamic

Dropdown 2 choices:

a)epinephrine

b)insulin

c)thyroid hormone

d)vitamins

back 21

b,a

front 22

22) Thyroid hormones:

  1. a) Aid in glycogenesis
  2. b) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
  3. c) Inhibit lipogenesis
  4. d) Promote glycolysis

e) Promote gluconeogenesis

back 22

e

front 23

23) Which of the following transports dietary lipids to adipose tissue?

  1. a) Apoproteins
  2. b) Low density lipoproteins
  3. c) Chylomicrons
  4. d) Very low density lipoproteins
  5. e) High density lipoproteins

back 23

c

front 24

24) Most cholesterol medications are designed to:

  1. a) Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces
  2. b) Promote the absorption of cholesterol
  3. c) Decrease the filtration of cholesterol
  4. d) Inhibit glucose absorption
  5. e) None of these choices

back 24

e

front 25

25) Where does glycolysis take place?

  1. a) Cytosol
  2. b) Plasma membrane
  3. c) Nucleus
  4. d) Mitochondria
  5. e) Golgi Apparatus

back 25

a

front 26

26) Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

  1. a) Cytosol
  2. b) Plasma membrane
  3. c) Nucleus
  4. d) Mitochondria
  5. e) Golgi Apparatus

back 26

d

front 27

27) Lipogenesis occurs when

  1. a) More calories are consumed than required for ATP need
  2. b) Fewer calories are consumed than required for ATP need
  3. c) More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
  4. d) Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
  5. e) Gluconeogenesis fails

back 27

a

front 28

28) Excess amino acids in the body are

  1. a) Excreted in urine
  2. b) Excreted in feces
  3. c) Converted into glucose
  4. d) Stored as ATP
  5. e) Converted into proteins

back 28

c

front 29

29) Liver cells convert:

  1. a) Urea into ammonia
  2. b) Ammonia into lactic acid
  3. c) Lactic acid into urea
  4. d) Pyruvic acid into urea
  5. e) Ammonia into urea

back 29

e

front 30

30) Glucose-6-phosphate

  1. a) Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate
  2. b) Can be dephosphorylated to glucose
  3. c) Can be used to synthesize glycogen
  4. d) Can be converted to pyruvic acid
  5. e) All of these choices

back 30

e

front 31

31) Which of the following is used in “metabolic crossroads”?

  1. a) Pyruvic acid
  2. b) Glycogen
  3. c) Ribose
  4. d) ATP
  5. e) Lipase

back 31

a

front 32

32) In the absorptive state

  1. a) Storage of energy is important
  2. b) Filtration is important
  3. c) Reabsorption is important
  4. d) Synthesis is important
  5. e) Production of heat is important

back 32

a

front 33

33) In the absorptive state, most glucose that enters the liver is converted to

  1. a) Pyruvic acid
  2. b) Glycogen
  3. c) Amino acids
  4. d) Insulin
  5. e) Glucase

back 33

b

front 34

34) Keto acids

  1. a) Can enter the Krebs cycle
  2. b) Are used for ATP production
  3. c) Can be used to make lipids
  4. d) Can enter the Krebs cycle or be used for ATP production
  5. e) Convert into aldehydes in the liver

back 34

d

front 35

35) Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction?

  1. a) Breakdown of liver glycogen
  2. b) Lipogenesis
  3. c) Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid
  4. d) Gluconeogenesis using amino acids
  5. e) Protein catabolism

back 35

b

front 36

36) Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from

  1. a) Lactic acid
  2. b) Pyruvic acid
  3. c) Glucose-6-phosphate
  4. d) Proteins
  5. e) Lipids

back 36

a

front 37

37) The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is

  1. a) Decrease in the formation of ketone bodies
  2. b) Increase in ATP production
  3. c) Inhibition of insulin
  4. d) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure
  5. e) Increase in lipolysis

back 37

e

front 38

38) Why is Calorie sometimes spelled with a capital “C”?

  1. a) It is named after Dr. Calorie
  2. b) It is named for the country where it was discovered
  3. c) It is named after the province where it was discovered
  4. d) To distinguish it from the chemistry term calorie
  5. e) Because, at times, it represents a kilocalorie

back 38

e

front 39

39) Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production?

  1. a) Exercise
  2. b) Hormones
  3. c) Nervous system
  4. d) Ingestion of food
  5. e) Blood volume

back 39

e

front 40

40) Which of the following is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact?

  1. a) Conduction
  2. b) Convection
  3. c) Radiation
  4. d) Evaporation
  5. e) Metabolic rate

back 40

a

front 41

41) The higher the relative humidity

  1. a) The higher the rate of radiation
  2. b) The lower the rate of conduction
  3. c) The higher the rate of convection
  4. d) The lower the rate of thermoregulation
  5. e) The lower the rate of evaporation

back 41

e

front 42

42) The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that

  1. a) Decrease smooth muscle tone
  2. b) Increase blood glucose
  3. c) Stimulate skeletal muscle activity (shivering)
  4. d) Inhibit the sympathetic division
  5. e) None of these choices are correct.

back 42

c

front 43

43) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

  1. a) Anterior pituitary
  2. b) Hypothalamus
  3. c) Cerebral cortex
  4. d) Liver
  5. e) Kidney

back 43

b

front 44

44) Food induced thermogenesis

  1. a) accounts for 30% of total energy expended
  2. b) is known as insensible loss
  3. c) is inhibited by the hypothalamus
  4. d) is the opposite of ketosis
  5. e) None of these choices

back 44

e

front 45

45) Neuropeptide Y stimulates

  1. a) Release of insulin
  2. b) Inhibition of glucagons
  3. c) Thirst centers
  4. d) Thermogenesis
  5. e) Food intake

back 45

e

front 46

46) Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs?

  1. a) Carbohydrates
  2. b) Glycogen
  3. c) Proteins
  4. d) Minerals
  5. e) Vitamins

back 46

b

front 47

47) Provitamins are

  1. a) Building blocks of vitamins
  2. b) Broken down glucose molecules
  3. c) Derivatives of minerals
  4. d) Found only in the blood
  5. e) Not stored in the body

back 47

a

front 48

48) Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

  1. a) Vitamin B
  2. b) Vitamin E
  3. c) Vitamin C
  4. d) Vitamin O
  5. e) None of these choices

back 48

b

front 49

49) Antioxidant vitamins

  1. a) Are found in plasma membranes
  2. b) Are vitamin derivatives
  3. c) Can inactivate oxygen free radicals
  4. d) Are all excreted in feces
  5. e) Are all stored in adipose cells

back 49

c

front 50

50) Briefly outline the possible fates of glucose in the body.

1) immediate oxidation for ATP production
2) synthesis of amino acids for protein synthesis
3) synthesis of glycogen for storage in liver and skeletal muscle
4) formation of triglycerides via lipogenesis for long term storage after glycogen stores are full
all of the above

back 50

e

front 51

57) Which of the following is NOT a fate that awaits glucose 6-phophate after it is formed in a cell?

  1. a) Synthesis of glycogen
  2. b) Release of glucose into the blood stream
  3. c) Synthesis of nucleic acids
  4. d) Glycolysis
  5. e) Gluconeogenesis

back 51

e

front 52

58) Which hormone(s) dominate(s) the absorptive state?

  1. a) Insulin
  2. b) Glucagon
  3. c) HGH
  4. d) All of these
  5. e) None of these

back 52

a

front 53

59) Which hormone is the primary hormone involved in protein breakdown in the postabsorptive state?

  1. a) Glucagon
  2. b) Epinephrine
  3. c) Cortisol
  4. d) Glucagon
  5. e) Thyroid Hormone

back 53

c

front 54

60) Which of the following helps the core temperature to increase?

  1. a) Constriction of blood vessels of the skin.
  2. b) Increase in cellular respiration.
  3. c) Shivering.
  4. d) Thyroid hormone induced increase in metabolic rate.
  5. e) All of these are methods for core temperature increase.

back 54

e

front 55

61) Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the metabolic rate and the rate of heat production?

  1. a) Hormones
  2. b) Nervous system
  3. c) Food ingestion
  4. d) Age
  5. e) All of these are factors

back 55

e

front 56

62) Where is the body’s thermostat located?

  1. a) Cerebral cortex
  2. b) Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
  3. c) Postoptic area of the hypothalamus
  4. d) Thalamus
  5. e) Cerebellum

back 56

b

front 57

63) Which mineral is the most abundant mineral in the body?

  1. a) Calcium
  2. b) Sodium
  3. c) Magnesium
  4. d) Phosphorus
  5. e) Iron

back 57

a

front 58

64) Which nutrient is required by the thyroid gland to synthesize thyroid hormones?

  1. a) Calcium
  2. b) Magnesium
  3. c) Iodide
  4. d) Manganese
  5. e) Sodium

back 58

c

front 59

65) A patient is on a diuretic (water pill) to help combat hypertension. The medication is not potassium sparing. What side effects might the patient suffer?

  1. a) interference with ATP production
  2. b) weak bones
  3. c) interference with action potential generation
  4. d) anemia
  5. e) low levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

back 59

c

front 60

66) Which of the following is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

  1. a) Zinc
  2. b) Chromium
  3. c) Selenium
  4. d) Cobalt
  5. e) Copper

back 60

c

front 61

67) Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the GI tract?

  1. a) A
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) K
  5. e) C

back 61

b

front 62

68) An individual suffers from easily fractured bones. Which vitamin deficiency is he most likely experiencing?

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

back 62

d

front 63

69) Which vitamin deficiency can result in hemolytic anemia?

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

back 63

e

front 64

70) Which of the following disorders is a disorder in which protein intake is deficient despite normal or nearly normal caloric intake?

  1. a) Marasmus
  2. b) Kwashiorkor
  3. c) Bulimia
  4. d) Malnutrition
  5. e) None of these

back 64

b

front 65

71) An individual is living on a tropical island during a period where temperatures are much higher than normal. He decides to begin vigorous exercise. He is at serious risk of

  1. a) heat cramps
  2. b) heat exhaustion
  3. c) heat prostration
  4. d) heatstroke
  5. e) None of these choices are correct.

back 65

d

front 66

72) Which of the following is a protein-calorie under-nutrition that results in retarded growth, low weight, muscle wasting, emaciation, and dry skin?

  1. a) Marasmus
  2. b) Kwashiorkor
  3. c) Malnutrition
  4. d) Both Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
  5. e) Both Kwashiorkor and Malnutrition

back 66

a

front 67

73) Which of the following is a potential cause of hypothermia?

  1. a) Overwhelming cold stress
  2. b) Metabolic diseases
  3. c) Drugs
  4. d) All of these
  5. e) None of these

back 67

d

front 68

74) Which hormones are the main stimulating hormones in the postabsorptive state process of glycogenolysis?

  1. a) Epinephrine
  2. b) Glucagon
  3. c) Cortisol
  4. d) Epinephrine and Glucagon
  5. e) Glucagon and Cortisol

back 68

d

front 69

75) Which of the following would be an end product at the “metabolic crossroads”?

  1. a) Glucose 6-phosphate
  2. b) Pyruvic acid
  3. c) Acetyl coenzyme a
  4. d) Glycogen
  5. e) All of these are molecules at the “metabolic crossroads”

back 69

d

front 70

78) An excess intake of vitamin A is called [dropdown 1] and is characterized by several different symptoms, including [dropdown 2].

Dropdown 1 choices:

a)hypovitaminosis A

b)kwashiorkor

c)marasmus

d)hypervitaminosis A

e)bulimia

Dropdown 2 choices:

a)ringing in the ears

b)fever

c)diabetes

d)coma and death

e)blindness

back 70

d,d

front 71

79) A deficiency of vitamin B1 may cause

  1. a) pellagra
  2. b) pernicious anemia
  3. c) beriberi
  4. d) polyneuritis
  5. e) scurvy

back 71

c,d

front 72

80) A deficiency of chloride in the diet may cause

  1. a) difficulty digesting food
  2. b) water imbalance
  3. c) acid-base imbalance in the blood
  4. d) fragile bones and teeth
  5. e) deficient erythropoiesis

back 72

a,b,c

front 73

81) A diabetic who is not producing any insulin will suffer from impaired

  1. a) facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells
  2. b) active transport of amino acids into cells
  3. c) glycogenesis
  4. d) lipogenesis
  5. e) ketogenesis

back 73

a,b,c,d,

front 74

82) Certain individuals must avoid consuming diet foods that contain the artificial sweetener Aspartame. These individuals suffer from

back 74

e

front 75

83) A runner preparing for a marathon will practice carbohydrate loading prior to the event. This will help to

  1. a) reduce ketone production
  2. b) increase available glycogen
  3. c) maintain blood pH at normal levels
  4. d) increase endurance
  5. e) all of these

back 75

b

front 76

84) The deposition of cholesterol around smooth muscle fibers in arteries leads to fatty plaques that can cause serious damage or even death. Dietary changes should be employed to reduce the blood levels of

  1. a) high-density lipoproteins
  2. b) chylomicrons
  3. c) low-density lipoproteins
  4. d) essential fatty acids
  5. e) apoproteins

back 76

c

front 77

85) ATP production inside of cells is DIRECTLY affected by which disease?

  1. a) marasmus
  2. b) kwashiorkor
  3. c) diabetes mellitus
  4. d) phenylketonuria
  5. e) scurvy

back 77

c