5) Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?

1. a) Teeth
2. b) Salivary glands
3. c) Liver
4. d) Gallbladder
5. e) Pharynx

c

6) Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?

1. a) Teeth
2. b) Salivary glands
3. c) Liver
4. d) Gallbladder
5. e) Pharynx

d

7) The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called
1. Motility
2. Propulsion
3. Digestion
4. Defecation

1. e) Both 1 and 2

e

8) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels?

1. a) Mucosa
2. b) Lamina propria
3. c) MALT
4. d) Muscularis
5. e) Epithelium

b

9) Which layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis?

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Lamina propria
3. c) Epithelium
4. d) Serosa
5. e) None of these choices

a

10) Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is composed of areolar connective tissue and epithelium?

1. a) Serosa
2. b) Submucosa
3. c) Muscularis
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) MALT

a

11) Which structure is composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response?

1. a) Mucosa
2. b) Lamina propria
3. c) MALT
4. d) Submucosa
5. e) Serosa

c

12) Which plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis?

1. a) ENS
2. b) Myenteric plexus
3. c) Submucosal plexus
4. d) Digestive plexus
5. e) Absorption plexus

b

13) Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

1. a) Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract
2. b) Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract
3. c) Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
4. d) They do not affect digestion
5. e) Because all emotions are controlled by the Vagus nerve

c

14) Which portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine?

1. a) Greater omentum
2. b) Falciform ligament
3. c) Lesser omentum
4. d) Mesentery
5. e) Mesocolon

a

15) Which portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm?

1. a) Greater omentum
2. b) Falciform ligament
3. c) Lesser omentum
4. d) Mesentery
5. e) Mesocolon

b

16) Which portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines?

1. a) Greater omentum
2. b) Falciform ligament
3. c) Lesser omentum
4. d) Mesentery
5. e) Mesocolon

e

17) In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with

1. a) Gingivae
2. b) Cementum
3. c) Periodontal ligament
4. d) Pulp
5. e) Root

c

18) Deciduous molars are replaced by

1. a) Bicuspids
2. b) Molars
3. c) Incisors
4. d) Canines
5. e) Wisdom teeth

a

19) Which of the following layers of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle?

1. a) Muscularis of the mouth, pharynx and upper esophagus
2. b) Muscularis of the stomach, small and large intestines
3. c) Serosa
4. d) Submucosa
5. e) Myotonic plexus

a

20) How many stages of deglutition are there?

1. a) 2
2. b) 3
3. c) 4
4. d) 5
5. e) 8

b

21) Which structure of the stomach traverses several regions?

1. a) Cardia
2. b) Fundus
3. c) Pylorus
4. d) Rugae
5. e) Sphincter

d

22) Which of the following cells secretes hydrochloric acid?

1. a) Mucous cells
2. b) Parietal cells
3. c) Chief cells
4. d) Serosa cells
5. e) Chyme cells

b

23) Which cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of hydrochloric acid?

1. a) Neck cell
2. b) Chief cell
3. c) G cell
4. d) Chyme cell
5. e) Parietal cell

c

24) How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

1. a) 10 minutes
2. b) 20 minutes
3. c) 30 minutes
4. d) 45 minutes
5. e) 1 hour

e

25) Which major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions?

1. a) Pancreatic duct
2. b) Hepatopancreatic duct
3. c) Cystic duct
4. d) Bile duct
5. e) Hepatic duct

a

26) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes digests lipids?

1. a) Trypsin
2. b) Elastase
3. c) Lipase
4. d) Pepsin
5. e) All of these choices

c

27) Which of the following structures is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical vein in a fetus?

1. a) Coronary ligament
2. b) Falciform ligament
3. c) Round ligament
4. d) Kupffer ligament
5. e) Bile ductules

c

28) Which of the following is the principle bile pigment?

1. a) Stercobilin
2. b) Bilirubin
3. c) Biliverdin
4. d) Both Stercobilin and Bilirubin
5. e) All of these choices

b

29) Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver itself?

1. a) Conversion of carbohydrates
2. b) Protein metabolism
3. c) Storage of bile
4. d) Phagocytosis
5. e) Storage of vitamins

c

30) Which of the following small intestine cells secretes lysozyme?

1. a) Goblet cells
2. b) Absorptive cells
3. c) Mucosa cells
4. d) Paneth cells
5. e) S cells

d

31) Brunner's glands

1. a) Secrete an acidic mucus
2. b) Secrete an alkaline juice
3. c) Secrete an alkaline mucus
4. d) Secrete an acidic juice
5. e) Secrete a pH neutral juice

c

32) Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides along with other products?

1. a) Lipase
2. b) Amylase
3. c) Trypsin
4. d) Phosphatase
5. e) Ligase

a

33) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?

1. a) Chymotrypsin
2. b) Amylase
3. c) Trypsin
4. d) Phosphatase
5. e) Nucleosidase

b

34) Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on peptide bonds?

1. a) Chymotrypsin
2. b) Amylase
3. c) Pepsin
4. d) Phosphatase
5. e) Nucleosidase

a

35) Which hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine?

1. a) Pepsin
2. b) Secretin
3. c) Gastrin
4. d) Cholecystokinin
5. e) Amylase

b

36) Which hormone is stimulated by high levels of amino acids and fatty acids in the small intestine?

1. a) Pepsin
2. b) Secretin
3. c) Gastrin
4. d) Cholecystokinin
5. e) Amylase

d

37) Which digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins?

1. a) bicarbonate ion
2. b) mucus
3. c) bile
4. d) hydrochloric acid
5. e) water

d

38) Which structure regulates the flow of material into the colon?

1. a) Ileocecal sphincter
2. b) Pyloric sphincter
3. c) Appendix
4. d) Sigmoid colon
5. e) Anal canal

a

39) Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the large intestine?

1. a) Mechanical digestion
2. b) Chemical digestion
3. c) Absorption
4. d) Feces formation
5. e) Regulation of blood glucose

e

40) What is line A pointing to?

1. a) Lumen
2. b) MALT
3. c) Mucosa
4. d) Submucosa
5. e) Muscularis

b

41) Which layer is composed of areolar connective tissue and epithelium?

e

42) Which layer contains the lamina propria?

1. a) A
2. b) B
3. c) C
4. d) D
5. e) E

b

46) Which the portion of the stomach connects to the duodenum?

1. a) A
2. b) E
3. c) D
4. d) B
5. e) F

c

47) What does line G point to?

1. a) Pylorus
2. b) Pyloric sphincter
3. c) Rugae
4. d) Pyloric antrum
5. e) Greater curvature

d

49) What is line I pointing to?

1. a) Greater curvature
2. b) Lesser curvature
3. c) Body
4. d) Fundus
5. e) Cardia

d

52) Which of the following cells secretes gastrin?

1. a) A
2. b) B
3. c) C
4. d) D
5. e) E

e

53) Which of the following cells secretes pepsinogen?

1. a) A
2. b) B
3. c) C
4. d) D
5. e) E

d

61) Name the layer labeled A

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Serosa
3. c) Longitudinal muscle
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) Circular muscle

e

62) Name the layer labeled B

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Serosa
3. c) Longitudinal muscle
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) Circular muscle

c

63) Name the layer labeled C

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Serosa
3. c) Longitudinal muscle
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) Circular muscle

b

64) Name the layer labeled E

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Serosa
3. c) Longitudinal muscle
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) Circular muscle

d

65) Name the layer labeled D

1. a) Submucosa
2. b) Serosa
3. c) Longitudinal muscle
4. d) Mucosa
5. e) Circular muscle

a

66) The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled C, which digests DNA is called:

1. a) Deoxyribonuclease
2. b) Ribonuclease
3. c) Salivary amylase
4. d) Pepsin
5. e) Sucrase

a

67) The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled C, that leads to the production of fatty acids and monoglycerides during digestion is called:

1. a) Sucrase
2. b) Pancreatic lipase
3. c) Salivary amylase
4. d) Trypsin
5. e) Elastase

b

68) The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that leads to the production of both glucose and galactose as products is called:

1. a) lactase
2. b) pancreatic lipase
3. c) sucrase
4. d) pepsin
5. e) nucleases

a

69) The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that leads to the production of only glucose as a product is called:

1. a) maltase
2. b) pancreatic lipase
3. c) sucrase
4. d) pepsin
5. e) nucleases

a

70) Which of the following disorders involving the organ labeled E can result from viruses, drugs and chemicals such as alcohol?

1. a) heartburn
2. b) mumps
3. c) pancreatitis
4. d) hepatitis
5. e) vomiting

d

71) Which of the following disorders can occur in the organ labeled B?

1. a) Appendicitis
2. b) mumps
3. c) pancreatitis
4. d) hepatitis
5. e) peptic ulcers

e

72) Which of the following is the forerunner of the gastrointestinal tract?

1. a) primitive gut
2. b) foregut
3. c) midgut
4. d) hindgut
5. e) endoderm

a

73) Which of the following is NOT a change in the digestive system associated with aging?

1. a) Decreased secretory mechanisms
2. b) Decreased motility of the digestive organs
3. c) Loss of strength and tone of the muscular tissue
4. d) Changes in neurosensory feedback regarding enzyme and hormone release
5. e) All of these are age related changes in the digestive system.

e

74) Which of the following is a contribution of the digestive system to the muscular system?

1. a) Small intestine absorbs dietary calcium and phosphorous salts.
2. b) The liver can convert lactic acid to glucose.
3. c) Small intestine absorbs vitamin D.
4. d) Excess dietary calories are stored as triglycerides in adipose cells.
5. e) The liver synthesizes most plasma proteins.

b

75) Which type of hepatitis is spread via fecal contamination of objects such as food, clothing, toys, and eating utensils and is characterized by loss of appetite, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, fever, and chills.

1. a) Hepatitis A
2. b) Hepatitis B
3. c) Hepatitis C
4. d) Hepatitis D
5. e) Hepatitis E

a

76) Which permanent tooth will erupt between the ages of nine and ten?

1. a) first upper premolar
2. b) first lower premolar
3. c) lower canine
4. d) upper canine
5. e) second lower molar

abc

77) Which enzymes are secreted in the small intestine?

1. a) carboxypeptidase
2. b) pepsin
3. c) sucrase
4. d) maltase
5. e) aminopeptidase

cde

78) Which structure secretes alkaline fluid to buffer stomach acid?

1. a) Paneth cells
2. b) absorptive cells
3. c) Brunner’s glands
4. d) microvilli
5. e) enteroendocrine cells

c

79) The purpose of circular folds, villi and microvilli in the small intestine is to

1. a) secrete digestive enzymes
2. b) secrete digestive hormones
3. c) allow for stretching of the intestine as food passes through
4. d) increase surface area for absorption
5. e) slow down motility for better digestion

d

80) If an individual complains of bloating, gas, cramps, and diarrhea following the eating of a banana split, they are MOST LIKELY suffering from… (Choose the best answer.)

1. a) food poisoning
2. b) a bacterial infection of the intestines
3. c) lactose intolerance
4. d) excess sucrose intake
5. e) a gastrointestinal virus

c

81) An individual eats a diet high in digestible carbohydrates and fats and low in fiber. He begins to experience abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting and a low-grade fever. He is most likely suffering from

1. a) viral gastroenteritis
2. b) diverticulitis
3. c) diverticulosis
4. d) appendicitis
5. e) gastric ulcer

b

82) The substance that helps bacteria stick to teeth is

1. a) glucose
2. b) sucrose
3. c) fructose
4. d) galactose
5. e) dextran

e

83) A disease characterized by a high fever, elevated neutrophil count higher than 75%, elevated white blood cell count and anorexia is

1. a) appendicitis
2. b) colitis
3. c) diverticulitis
4. d) severe constipation
5. e) diarrhea

a