front 1 1) The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ________. | back 1 B) glucose |
front 2 2) Which of the choices below is not a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body? | back 2 D) conversion to a nucleic acid |
front 3 3) Dietary fats are important because they ________. | back 3 B) help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins |
front 4 4) Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________. | back 4 A) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones |
front 5 5) Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? | back 5 D) must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth |
front 6 6) The term metabolism is best defined as ________. | back 6 D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy |
front 7 7) The term metabolic rate reflects the ________. | back 7 A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities |
front 8 8) When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________. | back 8 A) urea |
front 9 9) It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________. | back 9 C) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients |
front 10 10) Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? | back 10 A) dehydrogenases and oxidases |
front 11 11) Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? | back 11 A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation |
front 12 12) Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. | back 12 B) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones |
front 13 13) Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. | back 13 C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones |
front 14 14) The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. | back 14 D) break down food molecules and generate ATP |
front 15 15) The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. | back 15 D) lipolysis |
front 16 16) Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? | back 16 A) oxidative phosphorylation |
front 17 17) Lipogenesis occurs when ________. | back 17 D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high |
front 18 18) Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. | back 18 A) liver |
front 19 19) Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________ | back 19 C) transferred to a keto acid |
front 20 20) Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. | back 20 B) absorptive state |
front 21 21) Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heat-promoting center? | back 21 A) release of epinephrine |
front 22 22) Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. | back 22 B) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors |
front 23 23) Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. | back 23 B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
front 24 24) What is the outcome of ketosis? | back 24 B) metabolic acidosis |
front 25 25) Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state? | back 25 A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. |
front 26 26) In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________. | back 26 A) production of energy |
front 27 27) The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. | back 27 D) triglycerides |
front 28 28) Loss of heat in the form of infrared waves is termed ________. | back 28 A) radiation |
front 29 29) Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state? | back 29 D) insulin |
front 30 30) Prostaglandins play a role in ________. | back 30 D) control of blood pressure |
front 31 31) Which of the following is the most important function of the liver? | back 31 D) protein metabolism |
front 32 32) As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. | back 32 B) brain |
front 33 33) In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. | back 33 A) glycerol |
front 34 34) In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state. | back 34 C) ammonia |
front 35 35) Which of the choices below is not a mechanism of heat production? | back 35 C) sweating |
front 36 36) Heat-loss mechanisms do not include ________. | back 36 D) vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels |
front 37 37) The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR. | back 37 B) thyroxine |
front 38 38) When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. | back 38 B) fatty acids |
front 39 39) Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical factor? | back 39 C) the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body |
front 40 40) The primary reason elderly people should decrease their caloric intake is that ________. | back 40 A) muscle mass and metabolism decline with age |
front 41 41) Which of the choices below is not a major route of heat exchange? | back 41 D) shivering |
front 42 42) Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? | back 42 A) The amino acid pool is the body's total supply of amino acids in the body's proteins. |
front 43 43) Which of the following molecules are considered key molecules at metabolic crossroads? | back 43 A) glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA |
front 44 44) Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? | back 44 A) fats |
front 45 45) Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? | back 45 B) glycolysis |
front 46 46) Which of the following is not true of beta oxidation? | back 46 C) It involves the anabolism of fats. |
front 47 47) Select the correct statement about proteins. | back 47 C) Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested. |
front 48 48) Oxidation reduction reactions ________. | back 48 B) may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons |
front 49 49) What process primes a molecule to change in a way that increases its activity, produces motion, or does work? | back 49 A) phosphorylation |
front 50 50) Which of the choices below is not a source of glucose during the postabsorptive state? | back 50 C) absorption of glucose from the GI tract |
front 51 51) Which of the following is correct? | back 51 B) Oxidation of FADH2 eventually yields four ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. |
front 52 52) Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins? | back 52 D) eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish |
front 53 53) Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include ________. | back 53 C) excessive amounts of protein in the diet |
front 54 54) When a person's hypothalamic thermostat is set to a higher level and the actual body temperature is below that level, the person may ________. | back 54 D) shiver |
front 55 55) Glucose can be obtained from ________. | back 55 A) glycogenolysis |
front 56 56) Which of the following is not a function of LDLs? | back 56 A) transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver |
front 57 57) Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? | back 57 A) Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. |