A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is
called a
A) biosystem
B) community
C) population
D) ecosystem
E) family
Answer: C
2
Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and
energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight
into
A) the energy of motion
B) carbon dioxide and water
C) the potential energy of chemical bonds
D) oxygen
E) kinetic energy
Answer: C
3
The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A)
light energy
B) kinetic energy
C) thermal energy
D)
chemical energy
E) ATP
Answer: A
4
Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased
within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C)
archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
5
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand
the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application
of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B)
emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation
Answer: C
6
Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity
and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of
childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?
A) a
bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative
feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis
Answer: B
7
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes
insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the
blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a
result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood
glucose level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback
B)
positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) bioinformatic
regulation
E) protein-protein interactions
Answer: C
8
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and
classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic
biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution
Answer: C
9
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the
following features in common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D)
flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear
chromosomes made of DNA and protein
Answer: C
10
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains.
What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea
and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
Answer: E
11
Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of
glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient
temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which
of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?
A)
Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable
habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of
forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.
Answer: D
12
A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled
organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most
likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C)
Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
Answer: B
13
A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic
matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would
you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom
Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain
Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
Answer: E
14
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all
life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of
the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: B
15
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A)
It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with
modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves
differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic
variation, results in descent with modification, and involves
differential reproductive success.
Answer: E
16
Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification
that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to
their environment when they possess
A) non-inheritable traits
that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B)
non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the
local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their
survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
D)
inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive
success in the local environment.
E) inheritable traits that
decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
Answer: D
17
Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an
evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who
never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life
but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
C) a
male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an
organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom
survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and
produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
Answer: B
18
In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are
eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your
knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average
height of the human population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D)
gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
19
Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change
from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that
function as flippers. This change is best explained by
A)
natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of
the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
20
What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?
A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes
belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led
scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only
organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.
Answer: B
21
Which of the following best describes what occurred after the
publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
A) The
book received little attention except from a small scientific
community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The
book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's
authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
22
Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He
provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He
demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He
described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He
proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
23
Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate
which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors
from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial
anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
Answer: C
24
Which of the following categories of organisms is least likely to
be revised?
A) kingdom
B) class
C) order
D)
phylum
E) species
Answer: E
25
What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A)
gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C)
being prokaryotic
D) absorbing dissolved nutrients
E)
being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
26
What are archaea?
A) Prokaryotes characterized as
extremophiles that share some bacterial and some eukaryotic traits.
B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments,
such as in volcanic springs.
C) Single-celled organisms that are