front 1 In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens? a. viruses lack genetic makeup b. viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles c. viruses have no protein structure d. viruses are composed of protein only e. viruses are composed of both protein and lipid | back 1 b. viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles |
front 2 The outermost layer of a virion fulills which of the following functions of the virus? a. protection b. recognition c. replication d. both protection and recognition e. both recognition and replication | back 2 d. both protection and recognition |
front 3 A(n) ___________ is a virus that infects bacterial cells a. virion b. prion c. bacteriophage d. nucleocapsid e. envelope | back 3 c. bacteriophage |
front 4 Which of the following is a characteristic by which viruses are classified? a. type of nucleic acid b. type of life cycle c. number of chromosomes d. type of host e. size | back 4 a. type of nucleic acid |
front 5 Host specificity of a virus is due to a. particular genes that it shares with the infected cell b. the presence of an envelope c. differences in size between the virus and the host cell d. the presence or absence of a cell wall on the host cell e. interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules | back 5 e. interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules |
front 6 Which of the following is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion? a. the type of nucleic acid b. the number of segments of the viral genome c. the source of the envelope d. the capsid e. the specific host protein the virus targets | back 6 d. the capsid |
front 7 How are fungal viruses transmitted? a. by insect vectors b. as a result of abrasion c. as a result of fusion of cells or hyphae d. in the air like spores e. by contact | back 7 c. as a result o fusion of cells or hyphae |
front 8 The genome of influenza virus is a. multiple pieces of linear dsDNA b. a single circular ssRNA c. a single linear dsRNA d. a single circular ssDNA e. multiple pieces of linear ssRNA | back 8 e. multiple pieces of linear ssRNA |
front 9 Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the viral envelope a. it contains only viral proteins b. it contains only host cell proteins c. it is composed of sterols d. it is composed of cellular phospholipid membrane, cellular and viral proteins e. it is composed of sterols or viral proteins only | back 9 d it is composed of cellular phospholipid membrane |
front 10 Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is true? a. viruses are classified on the basis of the taxonomy of their host organisms. b. virus classes are well established c. some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family d. the species epithet is a Latin descriptor of the virion structure e. virus classes are based on the domain of the host organisma | back 10 c. some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family |
front 11 Which of the following is NOT used for the classification of viruses? a. genus b. class c. specific epithet d. family e. order | back 11 b. class |
front 12 Which of the following lists stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages? I Synthesis II Assembly III Attachment IV Release V Entry a. III,V,I,II,IV b. III,II,V,I,IV c. V, III, II, IV, I d. I, III, V, II, IV e. I,II,III,V,IV | back 12 a. III,V,II,IV |
front 13 Which of the following is associated with the attachment o a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell? a. random collisions b. chemical attractions c. receptor specificity d. both chemical attractions and receptor specifity e. random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity. | back 13 e. random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity |
front 14 The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle? a. entry b. assembly c. entry and release d. synthesis e. attachment | back 14 c. entry and release |
front 15 A(n) ____________ is a bacterial virus which is integrated into the host cell DNA. a. lytic phage b. prophage c. plasmid d. transposon e. insertion phage | back 15 b. prophage |
front 16 Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle? a. attachment b. entry c. digestion of host DNA d. viral protein synthesis e. both digestion of host DNA and viral proteins synthesis | back 16 c. digestion of host DNA |
front 17 Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage? a. it speeds up the viral infection cycle b. the genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage. c. it allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect d. it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cells DNA e. it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell | back 17 b. the genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage |
front 18 Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle? a. UV light b. Xrays c. presence of ssRNA d. both UV light and xrays e. both UV light and the presence of ssRNA | back 18 d. both UV light and xrays |
front 19 Replication of most _____________ viruses is similar to normal cellular processes a. dsDNA b. ssDNA c. +ssDNA d. -ssDNA e. dsRNA | back 19 a. dsDNA |
front 20 Attachment of herpesviruses results in _______, a process in which the host cell facilitates viral entry. a. direct penetration b. membrane fusion c. endocytosis d. exocytosis e. lysogeny | back 20 c. endocytosis |
front 21 Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following? a. dsDNA viruses b. +ssRNA viruses c. -ssRNA viruses d. retroviruses e. dsRNA viruses | back 21 d. retroviruses |
front 22 The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA? a. retroviruses b. +ssRNA viruses c. -ssRNA viruses d. ssDNA viruses e. dsRNA viruses | back 22 b. +ssRNA viruses |
front 23 Which of the following type of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated a. +ssRNA Viruses b. ssDNA viruses c. -ssRNA viruses d. retroviruses e. dsDNA viruses | back 23 c. -ssRNA viruses |
front 24 Naked capsid animal viruses are commonly released from the infected cell by _____________, a process the host cell does not survive. a. budding b. lysis c. endocytosis d. membrane fusion e. exocytosis | back 24 b. lysis |
front 25 Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope? a. the nuclear membrane b. the cytoplasmic membrane c. the endoplasmic reticulum d. the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes e. the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum | back 25 e. the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum |
front 26 A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogene is expressed in the infected cell? a. lysis b. neoplasia c. lysogeny d. latency e. both lysis and neoplasia | back 26 b. neoplasia |
front 27 How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage? a. the HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cells DNA b. all subsequent generations of HIV infected cells carry the provirus c. all the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus d. the HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell e. lambda phage infected cells produce virus slowly over time | back 27 a. the HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cells DNA |
front 28 Which of the following lab procedure is used for culturing animal viruses in the lab? a. cell cultures b. broth cultures c. embryonated eggs d. both cell cultures and embryonated eggs e. synthetic cytoplasm | back 28 d. both cell culturers and embroyonated eggs |
front 29 One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is the most likely to be involved in cause cancer by this mechanism? a. +ssRNA viruses b. dsRNA viruses c. -ssRNA viruses d. retroviruses e. both +ssRNA and -ssRNA viruses | back 29 d. retroviruses |
front 30 Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called a. neoplasia b. uncoating c. latency d. budding e. metastasis | back 30 e. metastasis |
front 31 Plaque assays are used for a. evaluating the cancer-causing ability of a virus b. determining the density of phage in a culture c. the study of prions d. cultivating viruses that cannot be grown any other way e. counting the number of latent phages in a cell | back 31 b. determining the density of phage in a culture |
front 32 Disadvantages of continuous cell cultures include a. they only grow for a limited number of generations b. the expense of preparation c. they may be significantly different genetically from the original source animal d. viruses do not reliably infect them e. they are both expensive and have a limited numer of division | back 32 c. they may be significantly different genetically from the original source animal |
front 33 Viroids infect a. bacteria b. plants c. fungi d. plants and animals e. all organisms | back 33 b. plants |
front 34 How are prions different from all other known infectious agents? a. they cannot reproduce outside a cell b. they act as slow viruses c. they cause neurological problems d. they can be destroyed by incineration e. they lack nucleic acid | back 34 e. they lack nucleic acid |
front 35 which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure? a. bacteriophages b. prions c. animal viruses d. viroids e. both prions and viroids | back 35 d. viroids |
front 36 A lipid membrane is present in which of the following? a. naked viruses b. enveloped viruses c. prions d. viroids e. both prions and viroids | back 36 b. enveloped viruses |
front 37 What is a virion? a. a virus genome inside a cell b. an empty capsid c. a single virus particle outside a cell d. an extracellular virus genome e. a virus genome integrated into a host cell genome | back 37 c. a single virus particle outside a cell |
front 38 Which of the following virus families has a double stranded RNA genome? a. Retroviridae b. Reoviridae c. Rhadoviridae d. Orthomyxoviridae e. Filoviridae | back 38 b. reoviridae |
front 39 Which of the following is a feature shared by viruses and living organisms? a. possession of a genome that directs synthesis of materials necessary for replication b. presence of cytoplasm c. metabolic capability d. responsiveness e. the ability to increase in size | back 39 a. possession of a genome that directs synthesis of materials necessary for replication |
front 40 Small circular RNAs called ________ are plant pathogens a. plasmids b. viruses c. viroids d. prions e. phages | back 40 c. viroids |
front 41 The __________ of a virion determines the type of cell it enters a. nucleic acid b. matrix proteins c. glycoproteins d. lipid molecules e. shape | back 41 c. glycoproteins |
front 42 Which of the following infectious particles is most susceptible to damage a. naked capsid virus b. enveloped virus c. prions d. bacteriophage e. both naked capsid viruses and prions | back 42 b. enveloped viruses |
front 43 A viral infection which does not result in the production of new virions is _____ infection(s) a. lytic b. a latent c. a persistent d. a lysogenic e. either latent or lysogenic | back 43 e. either latent or lysogenic |
front 44 A _______ is a mass of neoplastic cells. a. diploid culture b. metastasis c. tumor d. gall e. plaque | back 44 c. tumor |
front 45 The process known as ________________ is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses a. lytic replication b. persistent infection c. metastasis d. latency e. budding | back 45 e. budding |
front 46 True/False Viruses cause most human cancers | back 46 False |
front 47 True/False Most viruses cannot be seen by light microscopy | back 47 True |
front 48 True/False Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack | back 48 True |
front 49 True/False Budding release of virus may result in long lasting or persistent infection | back 49 True |
front 50 True/False Members of a virus family have the same type of nucleic acid | back 50 True |
front 51 True/False The genome of all DNA animal viruses is replicated in the nucleus of the cell | back 51 False |
front 52 True/False Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time | back 52 False |
front 53 True/False Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of a prion disease | back 53 True |
front 54 True/False All viruses use the host cells nucleic acid polymerases for replication | back 54 False |
front 55 True/False Fertilized chicken eggs are used to culture some vaccine strains | back 55 True |