front 1 1) "How do seed-eating animals affect the distribution and
abundance of the trees?" This question | back 1 Answer: E |
front 2 2) Which of the following levels of ecological organization is
arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive?
| back 2 Answer: B |
front 3 3) Which of the following examples of an ecological effect leading to
an evolutionary effect is most correct? | back 3 Answer: C |
front 4 4) Which of the following might be an investigation of microclimate?
| back 4 Answer: D |
front 5 5) Which of the following choices includes all of the others in
creating global terrestrial climates? | back 5 Answer: A |
front 6 6) Why is the climate drier on the leeward side of mountain ranges
that are subjected to prevailing winds? | back 6 Answer: C |
front 7 7) What would be the effect on climate in the temperature latitudes
if Earth were to slow its rate of rotation from a 24-hour period of
rotation to a 48-hour period of rotation? | back 7 Answer: E |
front 8 8) Palm trees and subtropical plants are commonplace in Land's End,
England, whose latitude is the equivalent of Labrador in coastal
Canada where the local flora is subarctic. Which statement best
explains why this apparent anomaly exists between North America and
Europe? | back 8 Answer: B |
front 9 9) Which statement describes how climate might change if Earth was
75% land and 25% water? | back 9 Answer: B |
front 10 10) Which of the following abiotic factors has the greatest influence
on the metabolic rates of plants and animals? | back 10 Answer: C |
front 11 11) In mountainous areas of western North America, north-facing
slopes would be expected to | back 11 Answer: E |
front 12 12) Deserts typically occur in a band at 20 degrees north and south
latitude because | back 12 Answer: A |
front 13 13) Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the
tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased to
33 1/2 degrees? | back 13 Answer: A |
front 14 14) Imagine some cosmic catastrophe jolts Earth so that its axis is
perpendicular to the orbital plane between Earth and the sun. The most
obvious effect of this change would be | back 14 Answer: E |
front 15 15) The main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is that
| back 15 Answer: B |
front 16 16) Which of the following environmental features might influence
microclimates? | back 16 Answer: E |
front 17 17) The success with which plants extend their range northward
following glacial retreat is best determined by | back 17 Answer: C |
front 18 18) As climate changes because of global warming, species' ranges in
the northern hemisphere may move northward, using effective
reproductive adaptations to disperse their seeds. The trees that are
most likely to avoid extinction in such an environment are those that
| back 18 Answer: A |
front 19 19) Generalized global air circulation and precipitation patterns are
caused by | back 19 Answer: A |
front 20 20) Air masses formed over the Pacific Ocean are moved by prevailing
westerlies where they encounter extensive north-south mountain ranges,
such as the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades. Which statement best
describes the outcome of this encounter between a landform and an air
mass? | back 20 Answer: B |
front 21 21) If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes
will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)? | back 21 Answer: B |
front 22 22) Which of the following are important biotic factors that can
affect the structure and organization of biological communities?
| back 22 Answer: C |
front 23 23) Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic
environments? | back 23 Answer: A |
front 24 24) Coral reefs can be found on the southern east coast of the United
States but not at similar latitudes on the southern west coast.
Differences in which of the following most likely account for this?
| back 24 Answer: D |
front 25 25) Which of the following investigations would shed the most light
on the distribution of organisms in temperate regions that are faced
with climate change? | back 25 Answer: B |
front 26 26) Which series is correctly layered from top to bottom in a
tropical rain forest? | back 26 Answer: D |
front 27 27) What is the limiting factor for the growth of trees in the
tundra? | back 27 Answer: E |
front 28 28) Generally speaking, deserts are located in places where air
masses are usually | back 28 Answer: D |
front 29 29) Turnover of water in temperate lakes during the spring and fall
is made possible by which of the following? | back 29 Answer: D |
front 30 30) In temperate lakes, the surface water is replenished with
nutrients during turnovers that occur in the | back 30 Answer: A |
front 31 31) Which of the following is responsible for the differences in
summer and winter temperature stratification of deep temperate zone
lakes? | back 31 Answer: A |
front 32 32) Imagine that a deep temperate zone lake did not "turn
over" during the spring and fall seasons. Based on the physical
and biological properties of limnetic ecosystems, what would be the
difference from normal seasonal turnover? | back 32 Answer: D |
front 33 33) Which marine zone would have the lowest rates of primary
productivity (photosynthesis)? | back 33 Answer: B |
front 34 34) If you are interested in observing a relatively simple community
structure in a clear water lake, you would do well to choose diving
into | back 34 Answer: A |
front 35 35) Which of the following statements about the ocean pelagic biome
is true? | back 35 Answer: D |
front 36 36) If a meteor impact or volcanic eruption injected a lot of dust
into the atmosphere and reduced the sunlight reaching Earth's surface
by 70% for one year, which of the following marine communities most
likely would be least affected? | back 36 Answer: A |
front 37 37) Which of the examples below provides appropriate abiotic and
biotic factors that might determine the distribution of the species in
question? | back 37 Answer: B |
front 38 38) A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered
locations at elevations above 2,800 m in the western United States. To
understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an
ecologist should | back 38 Answer: C |
front 39 39) Species introduced by humans to new geographic locations | back 39 Answer: D |
front 40 40) Which of the following statements best describes the effect of
climate on biome distribution? | back 40 Answer: C |
front 41 41) In the development of terrestrial biomes, which factor is most
dependent on all the others? | back 41 Answer: A |
front 42 42) Two plant species live in the same biome but on different
continents. Although the two species are not at all closely related,
they may appear quite similar as a result of | back 42 Answer: B |
front 43 43) In which of the following terrestrial biome pairs are both parts
dependent upon periodic burning? | back 43 Answer: B |
front 44 44) Fire suppression by humans | back 44 Answer: B |
front 45 45) Which of the following statements best describes the interaction
between fire and ecosystems? | back 45 Answer: B |
front 46 46) In which community would organisms most likely have adaptations
enabling them to respond to different photoperiods? | back 46 Answer: D |
front 47 47) The growing season would generally be shortest in which of the
following biomes? | back 47 Answer: E |
front 48 48) Trees are not usually found in the tundra biome because of
| back 48 Answer: E |
front 49 49) Studying species transplants is a way that ecologists | back 49 Answer: D |
front 50 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 50 Answer: A |
front 51 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 51 Answer: D |
front 52 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 52 Answer: C |
front 53 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 53 Answer: D |
front 54 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 54 Answer: B |
front 55 The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and
left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical
axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth. Choose the
climograph that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Climographs may be used once, more than once, or not at all. | back 55 Answer: C |
front 56 The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine
environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter
that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than
once, or not at all | back 56 Answer: C |
front 57 The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine
environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter
that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than
once, or not at all | back 57 Answer: B |
front 58 The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine
environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter
that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than
once, or not at all | back 58 Answer: C |
front 59 The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine
environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter
that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than
once, or not at all | back 59 Answer: D |
front 60 The diagram shows a generalized cross section of the marine
environment with various zones labeled with letters. Choose the letter
that best answers the question. Letters may be used once, more than
once, or not at all | back 60 Answer: A |
front 61 Use the following diagram from the text showing the spread of the
cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis, since its arrival in the New World, to
answer the following question. | back 61 Answer: D |
front 62 Experts in white-tailed deer ecology generally agree that population
sizes of deer that live in temperate climates are limited by winter
snow. The deer congregate in "yarding" areas under evergreen
trees because venturing out to feed in winter is energetically too
expensive when snowfall depths accumulate to above 40 cm. Deer often
stay yarded until the spring thaw. Snow depth over 40 inches for more
than 60 days results in high mortality due to starvation. | back 62 Answer: C |
front 63 In areas of permafrost, stands of black spruce are frequently
observed in the landscape, while other tree species are noticeably
absent. Often these stands are referred to as "drunken
forests" because many of the black spruce are displaced from
their normal vertical alignment. | back 63 Answer: C |
front 64 64) Which of the following areas of study focuses on the exchange of
energy, organisms, and materials between ecosystems? | back 64 Answer: C |
front 65 65) Which lake zone would be absent in a very shallow lake? | back 65 Answer: B |
front 66 66) Which of the following is true with respect to oligotrophic lakes
and eutrophic lakes? | back 66 Answer: D |
front 67 67) Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with the
description of its climate? | back 67 Answer: E |
front 68 68) Which of the following is characteristic of most terrestrial
biomes? | back 68 Answer: D |
front 69 69) The oceans affect the biosphere in all of the following ways
except | back 69 Answer: D |
front 70 70) Which statement about dispersal is false? | back 70 Answer: C |
front 71 71) When climbing a mountain, we can observe transitions in
biological communities that are analogous to the changes | back 71 Answer: A |
front 72 72) Suppose that the number of bird species is determined mainly by
the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in
which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of
bird species? | back 72 Answer: A |
front 73 73) If the direction of Earth's rotation reversed, the most
predictable effect would be | back 73 Answer: C |