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Microbiology Chapters 21 & 22 power point notes

front 1

Perspiration & sebum contain

back 1

nutrients

front 2

Salt inhibits

back 2

microbes- NOT FUNGI, FUNGI LOVES SALT

front 3

Lysozyme

back 3

hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

front 4

Fatty acids inibit

back 4

some pathogens

front 5

Antimicrobial peptides:

back 5

Defensins

front 6

Defensins-

back 6

Small peptide antibiotics made by human cells.

front 7

Normal Microbiota of the Skin

back 7

Gram-positive, salt-tolerant bacteria
*Staphylococci
*Micrococci
*Diphtheroids

front 8

Exanthem:

back 8

Skin rash arising from another focus of the infection.

front 9

Enanthem:

back 9

mucous membrane rash arising from another focus of the infection.

front 10

SKIN RASH arising from another focus point of the infection is

back 10

Exanthem

front 11

MUCOUS MEMBRANE RASH arising from another focus of the infection.

back 11

Enanthem

front 12

Staphylococcal skin infections:

Staphylococcus aureus-

back 12

Gram-positive cocci, COAGULASE-POSITIVE (causes clumping)

front 13

Staphylococcus aureus (bad news):

Is-

back 13

antibiotic resistant

front 14

Staphylococcus aureus

back 14

Leukocidin

front 15

Staphylococcus aureus resists

back 15

opsoniztion

front 16

Staphylococcus aureus survives in

back 16

phagolysosome

front 17

Staphylococcus aureus is

back 17

lysozyme resistant

front 18

Staphylococcus aureus is an

back 18

exfoliative toxin

front 19

Staphylococcus aureus is a

back 19

superantigen

front 20

Staphylococcal skin infections can cause:

back 20

* Folliculitis
* Sty
* Furuncle
* Carbuncle
* Impetigo

front 21

Folliculitis:

back 21

Infection of the hair follicles

front 22

Sty:

back 22

folliculitis of an eyelash

front 23

Furuncle:

back 23

abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

front 24

Carbuncle:

back 24

Inflammation of tissue under the skin

front 25

Impetigo:

back 25

crusting (nonbullous) sores, spread by autoinoculation.

front 26

Scalded Skin Syndrome:
can also cause-

back 26

* Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
- Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

* Scalded skin syndrome
- Bullous impetigo
- Impetigo of the newborn

front 27

Streptococcal skin infections:

can produce/cause-

back 27

* Streptococcus pyogenes
* Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
* Hemolysins
* Hyaluronidase
* Streptolysins
* M proteins
- Exotoxin A

front 28

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome:

back 28

* M proteins
* Complex w/fibrinogen
* Binds to neutorphils
* Activates neutrophils
* Release of damaging enzymes
* Shock & organ damage

front 29

Infections by Pseudomonads:

back 29

* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Gram-negative, aerobic rod
- Pyocyanin produces a blue-green pus
* Pseudomonas dermatitis (cause)
- Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
- Post-burn infections
* (is) Opportunistic

front 30

Buruli Ulcer is caused by

back 30

Mycobacterium ulcerans

front 31

Buruli Ulcer is

back 31

deep, damaging ulcers

front 32

Buruli Ulcer

back 32

exceeds incidence of leprosy

front 33

Classifications of Acne:

back 33

* Comedonal (mild) acne
* Inflammatory (moderate) acne
* Nodular cystic (severe) acne

front 34

Comedonal is _________ acne.

back 34

mild

front 35

Inflammatory acne is _________ acne.

back 35

moderate

front 36

Nodular cystic acne is _________ acne.

back 36

severe

front 37

Treatment for nodular cystic acne

back 37

Isotretinoin

front 38

Viral diseases of the skin:

back 38

* Warts
* Small pox
* Monkeypox
* Chickenpox
* Shingles
* Cold sores
* Measles
* Rubella
* Fifth disease
* Roseola

front 39

Warts

back 39

Papillomaviruse

front 40

Warts:

Treatment-

back 40

* Removal
* Cryotherapy
* Electrodesiccation
* Salicylic acid
* Imiquimod (stimulates interferon production)
* Bleomycin

front 41

Poxviruses:

back 41

* Smallpox (variola)
* Monkeypox

front 42

Smallpox (variola)

back 42

* Smallpox virus (orthopoxvirus)
- Variola major
-Variola minor
* Eradicated by vaccination

front 43

Monkeypox

back 43

prevention by smallpox vaccination

front 44

Chickenpox

back 44

Varicella-zoster virus (human herpesvirus 3)

front 45

Chickenpox:

transmitted by

back 45

respiratory route

front 46

Chickenpox:

causes

back 46

pus-filled vesicles

front 47

Chickenpox virus may remain laten in

back 47

dorsal root ganglia (spinal nerve)

front 48

Chickenpox prevention:

back 48

live attenuated vaccine

front 49

Shingles is the

back 49

reactivation of latent HHV-3, releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to skin.

front 50

Shingles prevention:

back 50

live attenuated vaccine

front 51

Shingles- treatment

back 51

Acyclovir may lesson symptoms

front 52

Herpes Simplex

back 52

Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2)

front 53

Herpes Simplex causes

back 53

Cold sores and/or fever blisters (vesicles on lips)

front 54

HSV-1-

back 54

can remain latent in trigeminal nerve ganglia

front 55

Herpes Simplex- treatment

back 55

Acyclovir

front 56

Measles (Rubeola) is a

back 56

measles virus

front 57

Measles is transmitted by

back 57

respiratory route

front 58

Measles causes

back 58

macular rash & Koplik's spots

front 59

Measles is prevented due to

back 59

vaccinations

front 60

Rubella (German Measles)

back 60

Rubella virus

front 61

Rubella causes

back 61

Macular rash and fever & CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME which causes severe fetal damage

front 62

How to prevent Rubella

back 62

vaccination

front 63

Fifth Disease

back 63

also known as Erythemia infectiosum
- Human parvovirus B19 produces mild flulike symptoms & facial rash

front 64

Cutaneous Mycoses

back 64

* DERMATOMYCOSES
- Also known as tineas or ringworm
- Metabolize keratin

** Common in southwest where it is hot & dusty**

front 65

Cutaneous Mycoses:

Genera of fungi involved-

back 65

* Trichophyton: infects hair, skin & nails
* Epidermophyton: infects skin & nails
* Microsporum: infects hair & skin

front 66

Genera of fungi that infects the Hair & skin-

back 66

* Trichophyton & Microsporum

front 67

Genera of fungi that infects the skin & nails-

back 67

* Trichophyton & Epidermophyton

front 68

Microsporum infects

back 68

hair & skin

front 69

Trichophyton infects

back 69

hair, skin & nails

front 70

Epidermophyton infects

back 70

skin and nails

front 71

Cutaneous Mycoses:

Treatment

back 71

* Topical miconazole
* Topical allylamine

front 72

Subcutaneous Mycoses

back 72

is more serious than cutaneous mycoses

front 73

Subcutaneous Mycoses

back 73

* Sporotrichosis
- Sporothrix schenkii= enters punture wound
- Treated with potassium iodid (KI)

front 74

Candidiasis

back 74

* Candida albicans (yeast)

front 75

Candidiasis may result when

back 75

antibiotics suppress competing bacteria.
- Occurs in skin & mucous membranes of genitourinary tract & mouth.
- Thrush: an infection of mucous membranes of mouth

front 76

Candidiasis:

Treatment

back 76

fluconazole

front 77

Scabies:

back 77

Sarcoptes scabies burrows in the skin to lay eggs

front 78

Scabies treatment

back 78

Topical insecticides

front 79

Pediculosis (lice)

back 79

* Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
* P.h. corporis (body louse)
- Feed on blood
- Lay eggs (nits) on hair
- Treatment: topical insecticides

front 80

Bacterial Diseases of the Eye

back 80

* Conjunctivitis

front 81

Bacterial Diseases of the Eye

Conjunctivitis:

back 81

* inflammation of the conjunctiva
* also called pinkeye or red eye
* commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae
* associated w/unsanitary contact lenses

front 82

Bacterial Diseases of the Eye

Ophthalmia neonatorum:

back 82

* Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Transmitted to a newborn's eyes during labor
* Prevented by treating a newborn's eyes
with antibiotics

front 83

Bacterial Diseases of the Eye

back 83

Chlamydia trachomatis

front 84

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

back 84

inclusion conjunctivitis, or chlamydial conjunctivitis.

front 85

Chlamydia is transmitted to newborn's eyes during

back 85

passage through the birth canal

front 86

Chlamydia trachomatis is spread through

back 86

swimming pool water

front 87

Chalmydia is treated with

back 87

tetracycline

front 88

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

back 88

trachoma

front 89

Trachoma is the leading cause of

back 89

blindness worldwide

front 90

Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes permanent

back 90

scarring; scars abrade the cornea, leading to blindness

front 91

Other infectious diseases of the eye

Keratitis:

back 91

* Inflammation of the cornea
* Fusariuim & Aspergillus (Africa & Asia)

front 92

Other infectious diseases of the eye

Herpetic keratitis:

back 92

* caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
* infects cornea & MAY CAUSE BLINDNESS

front 93

Other infectious diseases of the eye

Acanthamoeba keratitis

back 93

* transmitted via water
* Associated w/unsanitary contact lenses

front 94

Acanthamoeba keratitis is transmitted via

back 94

water

front 95

Acanthamoeba keratitis is associated with

back 95

unsanitary contact lenses