front 1 Adapted to high salt concentrations, which are required for growth. | back 1 Extreme halophile |
front 2 The general term used for organisms capable of growth at 0 degrees C. | back 2 Psychrophile |
front 3 Capable of growth at high temperatures; optimum 50-60 degrees C. | back 3 Psychrotroph |
front 4 Used in media to neutralize acids | back 4 Buffer |
front 5 A phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are placed in high salt concentration. | back 5 Plasmolysis |
front 6 Term used in text for organisms that grow well at refrigerator temperatures; optimum growth is at temperature 20-30 degrees C. | back 6 Psychrotroph |
front 7 Microbes that grow better at high CO2 concentrations | back 7 Capnophile |
front 8 Members of the archaea with an optimum growth temperature at 80 degrees C or higher. | back 8 Hyperthermophile |
front 9 The matrix that makes up biofilm | back 9 Hydrogel |
front 10 An Enzyme acting upon hydrogen peroxide | back 10 Catalase |
front 11 Rhizobium bacteria do this in symbiosis with leguminous plants | back 11 Nitrogen fixation |
front 12 Requires atmospheric oxygen to grow | back 12 Obligate anaerobe |
front 13 Requires atmospheric oxygen, but in lower than normal concentrations. | back 13 Microaerophile |
front 14 Does not use oxygen, but grows readily in its presence. | back 14 Aerotolerant anaerobe |
front 15 Does not use oxygen and usually finds it toxic | back 15 Obligate anaerobe |
front 16 Important source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur requirements in complex media | back 16 Peptones |
front 17 Breaks down hydrogen peroxide without generation of oxygen. | back 17 Peroxidase |
front 18 Formed in cytoplasm by ionizing radiation | back 18 Hydroxyl Radical |
front 19 An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water | back 19 Catalase |
front 20 The toxic form of oxygen neutralized by superoxide dismutase. | back 20 Superoxide radicals |
front 21 A component added to some culture media that makes the Petri plate into a self-contained anaerobic chamber. | back 21 Oxyrase |
front 22 Synonym for superoxide anions | back 22 Superoxide radicals |
front 23 Isolation method for getting pure cultures; uses an inoculating loop to trace pattern of inoculum on a solid medium. | back 23 Streak Plate |
front 24 Colonies grow on agar surface for identification | back 24 Spread plate |
front 25 Used to increase the numbers of a small minority of microorganisms in a mixed culture to arrive at detectable level of microorganisms | back 25 Enrichment culture |
front 26 Preservation method that uses quick-freezing and a high vacuum | back 26 Lyopholization |
front 27 Accumulations of microbes large enough to see without a microscope | back 27 Colonies |
front 28 Microbes added to initiate growth | back 28 Inoculum |
front 29 Agar is a(n) _______ derived from a marine alga. | back 29 polysaccharide |
front 30 A few bacteria and the photosynthesizing ________ are able to use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. | back 30 cyanobacteria |
front 31 _________ are the most common microbes; their optimum temperatures bare 25-40 degrees C. | back 31 mesophiles |
front 32 Osmotic effects are roughly related to the _________ of molecules in a given volume of a solution. | back 32 number |
front 33 A complex medium in liquid form is called nutrient _______. | back 33 broth |
front 34 For preservation by ________, a pure culture of microbes is placed in a suspending liquid and quick frozen at -50 to -95 degrees C. | back 34 deep-freezing |
front 35 Bacteria usually reproduced by ________ fission. | back 35 binary |
front 36 Turbidity is recorded in a spectrophotometer as _________ | back 36 absorbance (also optical density) |
front 37 The growth of filamentous organisms such as fungi is often best recorded by means of ___________. | back 37 dry weight measurement |
front 38 _________ grow more efficiently aerobically than they do aerobically than they do anaerobically | back 38 facultative anaerobes |
front 39 __________ do not require high salt concentrations, but they are able to grow at salt concentrations that may inhibit the growth of many other bacteria. | back 39 facultative halophiles |
front 40 Examples of buffers are ________ salts; peptones and __________ found in complex media are also buffers. | back 40 phosphate; amino acids |
front 41 Any nutrient material prepared for the growth of bacteria in a laboratory is called _________. | back 41 culture medium |
front 42 Agar melts at about the boiling point of water, but remains liquid until the temperature drops to about _______. | back 42 40 degrees C |
front 43 Dilutions of a bacterial mixture are poured into a Petri dish and mixed with melted agar. This plate-counting method is called _________. | back 43 pour plate method |
front 44 Partially digested protein products used in complex media are called _______. | back 44 peptones |
front 45 To grow obligate intracellular parasites such as rickettsias and chlamydias, it is usually necessary to provide _________. | back 45 living host cedlls |
front 46 The general term for tests that estimate microbial growth by the time required for them ti deplete oxygen in the medium is ______ tests. | back 46 reduction |
front 47 The _______ growth temperature is that at which the organism grows best. | back 47 optimum |
front 48 When a single colony arises from a clump of bacteria, it is recorded was a(n) | back 48 colony-forming units |
front 49 Used to grow obligate anaerobes. | back 49 Reducing media |
front 50 Designed to suppress the growth of unwanted bacteria and to encourage growth of desired microbes | back 50 Selective media |
front 51 Generally contain ingredients such as sodium thioglycolate that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen. | back 51 Reducing media |
front 52 Nutrients are digests or extracts; exact chemical composition varies slightly from batch to batch. | back 52 Complex media |
front 53 New cell numbers balanced by death of cells | back 53 Stationary phase |
front 54 No cell division, but intense metabolic activity. | back 54 Differential media |
front 55 A logarithmic plot of the population produces an ascending straight line. | back 55 Log phase |
front 56 Usual laboratory designation for safe handling of tuberculosis bacteria. | back 56 BSL-3 |
front 57 Laboratory designation for the most dangerous microorganisms; personnel wear "space suits". | back 57 BSL-4 |
front 58 A routine microbiology teaching laboratory would be designated as this. | back 58 BSL-1 |