front 1 Which is not a major function of the kidney? a) regulation of blood ionic composition b) regulation of blood cell size c) regulation of blood volume d) regulation of blood pressure e) regulation of blood pH | back 1 b |
front 2 This is the formation of a new glucose molecule. a) glycolysis b) gluconeogenesis c) glucosamine d) glucose e) calcitriol | back 2 b |
front 3 Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? a) urea b) glucose c) insulin d) cholesterol e) carbon dioxide | back 3 a |
front 4 The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the a) renal columns b) renal medulla c) renal pelvis d) calyces e) renal papilla | back 4 a |
front 5 Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys? a) renal artery > segmental artery > interlobular artery > peritubular capillaries > afferent arterioles b) interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins c) arcuate veins > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > renal vein d) renal vein > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > efferent arterioles e) interlobar veins > afferent arterioles > efferent arterioles > glomerular capillaries | back 5 b |
front 6 Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? a) glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct b) loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct c) ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct d) collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule e) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, loop of Henle | back 6 a |
front 7 Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances? a) glomerular capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending limb d) collecting duct e) proximal convoluted tubule | back 7 e |
front 8 This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood. a) glomerular capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending limb d) collecting duct e) renal corpuscle | back 8 a |
front 9 This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of these choices | back 9 a |
front 10 This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of these choices | back 10 c |
front 11 This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix. a) glomerular endothelial cells b) basal lamina c) pedicels d) filtration slits e) slit membrane | back 11 b |
front 12 This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles. a) glomerular filtration rate b) tubulomerular feedback c) myogenic mechanism d) renal autoregulation e) capsular hydrostatic pressure | back 12 c |
front 13 This occurs when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane, across the cytosol, and then into the interstitial fluid. a) paracellular reabsoprtion b) transcellular reabsoprtion c) apical reasborption d) basolateral reabsorption e) active transport | back 13 b |
front 14 The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb which percentage of filtered water? a) 25% b) 50% c) 65% d) 80% e) 99% | back 14 c |
front 15 Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys? a) It increases GFR b) It can decrease GFR c) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions d) It stimulates the release of aldosterone e) None of these choices | back 15 a |
front 16 Urea recycling can cause a buildup of urea in the a) renal capsule b) loop of Henle c) ascending tubule d) renal medulla e) renal pelvis | back 16 d |
front 17 Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood ____________? a) increase, pressure b) decrease, volume c) increase, sodium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, urea | back 17 d |
front 18 Increased secretion of aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood ____________? a) increase, potassium b) decrease, volume c) increase, calcium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, sodium | back 18 e |
front 19 An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called a) urinalysis b) filtration study c) concentration study d) diuretic e) osmolarity | back 19 a |
front 20 Water accounts for which percentage of the total volume of urine? a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 80% e) 95% | back 20 e |
front 21 This is a test to measure kidney function. a) Plasma creatinine b) Renal study c) Kidney assay d) Dialysis e) Hilus study | back 21 a |
front 22 This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. a) Urethra b) Ureter c) Descending loop of Henle d) Renal hilus e) None of these choices | back 22 b |
front 23 This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder. a) Urethral sphincter b) Adventitia bundle c) Ureter d) Internal urethral orifice e) Muscularis bundle | back 23 d |
front 24 Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates indicates which condition? a) albuminuria b) glucosuria c) urobilinogenuria d) ketonuria e) bilirubinuria | back 24 d |
front 25 Stress, causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen breakdown, indicates which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus. a) albuminuria b) glucosuria c) urobilinogenuria d) hematuria e) bilirubinuria | back 25 b |
front 26 An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease, injury, or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins, ether, or heavy metals indicates which condition? a) albuminuria b) lucosuria c) robilinogenuria d) ketonuria e) bilirubinuria | back 26 a |
front 27 Excessive urine concentration of a normal breakdown product of hemoglobin, caused by pernicious anemia, infectious hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis, indicates which condition? a) albuminuria b) glucosuria c) urobilinogenuria d) hematuria e) bilirubinuria | back 27 c |
front 28 This substance gives bile its major pigmentation: a) ketone bodies b) erythrocytes c) casts d) bilirubin e) glucose | back 28 d |
front 29 These are tiny masses of material, hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them: a) ketone bodies b) erythrocytes c) casts d) microbes e) urobilinogen | back 29 c |
front 30 Candida albicans and E. coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine: a) ketone bodies b) erythrocytes c) casts d) microbes e) urobilinogen | back 30 d |
front 31 Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans? a) 8.1 – 10.6 b) 4.6 – 8.0 c) 1.0 – 3.0 d) 3.1 – 4.0 e) 10.0 – 12.0 | back 31 b |
front 32 What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans? a) 1L / hr b) 2L / day c) 2L / hr d) 3L / week e) 10L / 24 hours | back 32 b |
front 33 Parasympathetic division of ANS regulates kidney functions. | back 33 false |
front 34 This hormone is released when the blood volume increases. a) Parathyroid Hormone b) Renin c) ADH d) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide e) Aldosterone | back 34 d |
front 35 Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone. a) Aldosterone b) Renin c) ANH d) Angiotensin-II e) ADH | back 35 e |
front 36 Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to a) decreased blood pressure b) increased blood pressure c) will not have any effect on blood pressure d) All of these choices e) None of these choices | back 36 a |