front 1 What is the Apex of the heart? | back 1 Lower left "pointed" section of heart |
front 2 Heart is surrounded & protected by____? | back 2 Pericardium: Double walled sac that protects / cushions the heart from hitting rib cage. |
front 3 Pericardium has two layers, they are_____ & _____ | back 3 1. Visceral Layer or Epicardium: Visceral because it is adjacent to the actual organ.
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front 4 The Pericardial cavity is fluid filled for what reason? | back 4 To cushion the organ & to prevent friction from its constant pumping action. |
front 5 Name the three layers of the heart wall. | back 5 Epicardium: Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
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front 6 Heart is divided into 4 sections | back 6 Upper: Right and Left Atrium (plural=Atria)
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front 7 What is the difference between a vein & an artery? | back 7 Arteries go away from the heart
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front 8 Why are some blood vessels blue and some red? | back 8 Some of them are oxygenated. The Red ones are highly oxygenated. |
front 9 Blood Flow through the heart: | back 9 1) Blood flows into Inferior & Superior Vena Cava 2) Into the right atrium 3) to the right ventricle 4)Then up & out pulmonary arteries 5)To the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs (picks up oxygen & gets rid of Carbon Dioxide) 6) Back to the heart through pulmonary veins 7)Enters the left atrium 8) Down to left ventricle 9) Then out Aorta to rest of the body 10) Circulates again blood from lower part of body enters in inferior vena cava & upper part enters superior vena cava |
front 10 Define Cardiac Output | back 10 The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute. |
front 11 Define Heart Rate | back 11 Heart Rate is the number of times the heart beats on one minute (75 beats per minute bpm is average) |
front 12 Define Stroke Volume | back 12 Stroke Volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle with each heartbeat. Avg is 70 ml per beat in an adult at rest. |
front 13 Describe Anastomoses | back 13 An anastomoses is a "junction" between blood vessels & blood vessels are connected. Their purpose is to provide a "detour" for blood, if there is a blockage in a vessel this is an alternative route so blood flow can still reach the area. |
front 14 What connects an artery to a vein? | back 14 Capillaries |
front 15 Define Functional Syncytium | back 15 The hearts blood flow and electrical conduction working together as one unit (in sync) |
front 16 What does a gap junction do? | back 16 Allow ions to pass; electrically coupled adjacent cells |
front 17 Desmosomes prevents what? | back 17 Prevents cells from separating during contraction |
front 18 Define Cardiac Output or CO | back 18 CO is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart within one minute |
front 19 What is the formula for cardiac output or CO? | back 19 CO = HR X SV = L/MIN
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front 20 What is the formula for Stroke Volume or SV? | back 20 SV = EDV - ESV
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front 21 Define EDV or end diastolic volume | back 21 After the SA node sends signal, the atria contracts, after atria contracts the ventricles are "filled". The amount of blood in the ventricles is the "End Diastolic Volume" |
front 22 Define ESV or End Systolic Volume | back 22 At the end of contraction when "most" blood has been pushed out of the ventricles there is a small amount left in the bottom of the ventricles. This amount is the end systolic volume because it happens at the end of systole / contraction. |
front 23 Describe Afterload | back 23 Afterload is the pressure that must be overcome for the ventricles to eject blood |