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55 notecards = 14 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

BSC2085 Chapter 14

front 1

51) Which of the following is NOT associated with the mouth:

A) soft palate B) vestibule C) rugae D) hard palate E) tongue

back 1

C

front 2

52) Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal:

A) mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

B) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine

C) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

D) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

E) pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

back 2

D

front 3

53) The structure that forms the anterior roof of the mouth is the:

A) hard palate B) uvula C) teeth D) cheek E) soft palate

back 3

A

front 4

54) The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior

movements is called the:

A) styloid bone

B) palatal frenulum

C) lingual frenulum

D) hyoid bone

E) mandibular frenulum

back 4

C

front 5

55) Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus:

A) esophagopharynx

B) nasopharynx

C) oropharynx

D) linguopharynx

E) laryngopharynx

back 5

E

front 6

56) Which of the following is the moist innermost layer that lines the alimentary canal:

A) submucosa

B) serosa

C) myenteric nerve plexus

D) mucosa

E) muscularis externa

back 6

D

front 7

The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI

tract organs are both part of the:

A) autonomic nervous system

B) somatic nervous system

C) fight- or- flight mechanism

D) central nervous system

E) sympathetic nervous system

back 7

A

front 8

58) Gastrin is produced in the stomach by:

A) submucosa cells

B) mucous (neck) cells

C) parietal cells

D) enteroendocrine cells

E) chief cells

back 8

D

front 9

59) The release of food from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

A) hepatopancreatic ampulla

B) ileocecal valve

C) internal anal sphincter

D) pyloric sphincter (valve)

E) cardioesophageal sphincter

back 9

D

front 10

60) Protein digestion begins in the:

A) stomach

B) small intestine

C) esophagus

D) large intestine

E) mouth

back 10

A

front 11

61) Which of the following modifications increases surface area in the small intestine with fingerlike extensions

of the mucosa :

A) sphincters

B) circular folds

C) haustra

D) villi

E) rugae

back 11

D

front 12

62) The small intestine extends from the:

A) pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

B) cardioesophageal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter

C) ileocecal valve to the appendix

D) appendix to the sigmoid colon

E) cardioesophageal sphincter to ileocecal valve

back 12

A

front 13

63) What two organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine:

A) cecum and appendix

B) spleen and liver

C) appendix and Peyer's patches

D) liver and pancreas

E) pancreas and spleen

back 13

D

front 14

64) Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the:

A) ileocecal valve

B) duodenum

C) jejunum

D) large intestine

E) ileum

back 14

B

front 15

65) The primary function of the small intestine is:

A) waste secretion

B) absorption of nutrients

C) mineral secretion

D) absorption of water

E) vitamin conversion

back 15

B

front 16

66) Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption)

within the small intestine:

A) villi

B) circular folds

C) plicae circulares

D) microvilli

E) Peyer's patches

back 16

E

front 17

67) Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine:

A) colon B) cecum C) duodenum D) appendix E) rectum

back 17

C

front 18

68) The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination

of feces is the:

A) large intestine

B) pancreas

C) stomach

D) liver

E) small intestine

back 18

A

front 19

69) What is the purpose of mastication:

A) to chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth

B) to eliminate undigested food wastes from the body

C) to transport nutrients into the blood and lymph

D) to move food back and forth along the walls of the small intestine

E) to propel food from one digestive organ to the next

back 19

A

front 20

70) Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest:

A) starch B) protein C) minerals D) fat E) vitamins

back 20

A

front 21

71) The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is:

A) 20 B) 32 C) 24 D) 36 E) 28

back 21

B

front 22

72) The anterior chisel- shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called:

A) molars

B) canines

C) premolars

D) incisors

E) wisdom teeth

back 22

D

front 23

73) Which accessory digestive organ is situated retroperitoneal:

A) salivary glands

B) spleen

C) gallbladder

D) pancreas

E) liver

back 23

D

front 24

74) Bile is produced by the __________ but stored in the __________.

A) gallbladder; pancreas

B) liver; gallbladder

C) gallbladder; liver

D) small intestine; pancreas

E) liver; pancreas

back 24

B

front 25

75) Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage when there is no digestion occurring in

the duodenum:

A) cystic duct

B) common hepatic duct

C) main pancreatic duct

D) accessory pancreatic duct

E) common bile duct

back 25

A

front 26

76) The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks

by catalytic enzymes within hydrolysis reactions is called:

A) chemical digestion

B) propulsion

C) mechanical digestion

D) ingestion

E) absorption

back 26

A

front 27

77) The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called:

A) chemical digestion

B) absorption

C) mastication

D) peristalsis

E) ingestion

back 27

D

front 28

78) The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and

forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called:

A) absorption

B) defecation

C) segmentation

D) chemical digestion

E) peristalsis

back 28

C

front 29

79) Which one of the following is NOT one of the carbohydrates that the human digestive system is able to

break down to simple sugars:

A) lactose B) cellulose C) maltose D) starch E) sucrose

back 29

B

front 30

80) Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called:

A) peptides

B) fatty acids

C) glycerol

D) amino acids

E) polypeptides

back 30

D

front 31

81) Transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract into the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid is

called:

A) digestion B) absorption C) defecation D) propulsion E) ingestion

back 31

B

front 32

82) Digestion is primarily controlled by the:

A) medulla oblongata

B) enterogastric reflex

C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

D) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

E) somatic nervous system

back 32

D

front 33

83) Which of these events describes a chemical breakdown of food:

A) segmentation in the small intestine

B) peristalsis of food from one organ to the next

C) enzyme action of maltase acting on starch to break it into maltose

D) defecation of undigested food wastes by the rectum and anus

E) mastication in the mouth

back 33

C

front 34

84) The first nutrient to be chemically digested is:

A) protein B) minerals C) starch D) fat E) vitamins

back 34

C

front 35

85) The process of swallowing is also known as:

A) deglutition

B) mastication

C) defecation

D) segmentation

E) absorption

back 35

A

front 36

86) Which one of the following alimentary segments has NO digestive function:

A) duodenum

B) ileum

C) stomach

D) esophagus

E) ascending colon

back 36

D

front 37

87) Which digestive system organ is the target of gastrin:

A) stomach

B) liver

C) esophagus

D) small intestine

E) pancreas

back 37

A

front 38

88) Pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down:

A) carbohydrates

B) nucleic acids

C) polysaccharides

D) proteins

E) saturated fats

back 38

D

front 39

89) What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish:

A) stimulates gallbladder to contract and expel bile

B) slows the emptying of the stomach contents

C) stimulates emptying of the stomach contents

D) stimulates the release of gastric juices

E) increases output of enzyme- rich pancreatic juice

back 39

B

front 40

90) The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in the stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk

in infants is:

A) bile

B) rennin

C) salivary amylase

D) pepsin

E) pancreatic amylase

back 40

B

front 41

91) The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes:

A) 3- 6 hours

B) 6- 8 hours

C) 2- 4 hours

D) 10- 12 hours

E) 8- 10 hours

back 41

A

front 42

92) Enzyme- rich pancreatic juice contains all the following except:

A) lipase B) trypsin C) nuclease D) amylase E) pancreatase

back 42

E

front 43

93) Which of the following influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile:

A) cholecystokinin and secretin

B) rennin and cholecystokinin

C) gastrin and rennin

D) cholecystokinin and gastrin

E) secretin and gastrin

back 43

A

front 44

94) Which one of the following is NOT absorbed by the human large intestine:

A) water

B) protein

C) some of the B vitamins

D) vitamin K

E) ions

back 44

B

front 45

95) The energy value of foods commonly counted by dieters is measured in units called:

A) kilocalories B) carb units C) coenzymes D) calories E) ATP

back 45

A

front 46

96) Which of these foods would be the most mineral- rich:

A) cake B) milk C) cookies D) cereal E) pasta

back 46

B

front 47

97) The process by which larger molecules or structures are built up from smaller ones is called:

A) metabolism B) carbolysis C) anabolism D) glycolysis E) catabolism

back 47

C

front 48

98) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in greatest quantity during:

A) the Krebs cycle

B) protein metabolism

C) the electron transport chain

D) fat metabolism

E) glycolysis

back 48

C

front 49

99) Which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugars from noncarbohydrate

sources such as fats and proteins:

A) glycogenolysis

B) glycolysis

C) glycogenesis

D) anaerobic respiration

E) gluconeogenesis

back 49

E

front 50

100) Ketoacidosis results from the incomplete breakdown of:

A) glycogen

B) fats

C) nucleic acids

D) cholesterol

E) proteins

back 50

B

front 51

101) Which one of the following is NOT a main role of the liver:

A) to detoxify drugs and alcohol

B) to make cholesterol

C) to add ammonia to the blood

D) to process nutrients during digestion

E) to degrade hormones

back 51

C

front 52

102) Nutrients detour through the liver via the:

A) hepatic portal circulation

B) circle of Willis

C) Bowman's capsule

D) electron transport chain

E) glycogenesis

back 52

A

front 53

103) Which one of the following is NOT true of cholesterol:

A) it serves as the structural basis of steroid hormones

B) it is a major building block of plasma membranes

C) it serves as the structural basis of vitamin D

D) only about 15 percent comes from the diet

E) it provides energy fuel for muscle contraction

back 53

E

front 54

104) The hereditary inability of tissue cells to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which can result in brain

damage and retardation unless a special diet low in phenylalanine is followed, is called:

A) cystic fibrosis

B) cleft lip

C) cleft palate

D) tracheoesophageal fistula

E) phenylketonuria

back 54

E

front 55

105) The reflex that helps an infant hold on to the nipple and swallow is called the:

A) fetal reflex

B) rooting reflex

C) sucking reflex

D) peristaltic reflex

E) nursing reflex

back 55

C