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31 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

5-Reproductive-Female-Ovarian Cycle

front 1

What is oogenesis

back 1

  • The formation of gametes in the ovaries
  • Begins in females before they are born

front 2

Primordial germ cells

back 2

  • Migrate from the yolk sac to the ovaries during early fetal development
  • Differentiate into the oogonia

front 3

What are oogonia

back 3

Diploid (2n) stem cells that divide mitotically to produce millions of germ cells

front 4

What happens to oogonia before birth

back 4

  • Most degenerate
  • Few develop into larger cells called 1 o oocytes

front 5

What happens to the 1 o oocytes during fetal development

back 5

Enter prophase of meiosis I but do not complete it until a few are called upon to do so during the reproductive years

front 6

What occurs to the 1o oocytes during the arrested stage of development

back 6

Each 1o oocyte is surrounded by follicular cells in a primordial follicle

front 7

What happens to the primordial follicles during puberty

back 7

  • Under the influence of LH and FSH, several will be stimulated each month
  • Only one will typically reach the maturity needed for ovulation

front 8

What happens to maturing oocytes within maturing follicles

back 8

Undergo a series of developmental stages which ultimately brings a 2 o oocyte within a mature follicle to ovulation

  • the ovulated 2 o oocyte will have completed meiosis I, and so have a haploid number of chromosomes (1n)

front 9

What is produced when the 1 o oocyte receives the signal to complete meiosis I

back 9

Two haploid (1n) cells of unequal size, each with 23 chromosomes

  • Smaller cell is called the first polar body
  • Larger 2 o oocyte inherits most of the cytoplasm

front 10

The ovarian cortex contains many follicles in different stages of development (T/F)

back 10

True

front 11

The ovarian cycle - picture

back 11

`

front 12

Oocyte maturation and follicle maturation - picture

back 12

The follicle has important functions beyond hosting an oocyte!

front 13

1st step of ovulation

back 13

High levels of estrogen from almost mature follicle stimulate release of more GnRH and RH

front 14

2nd step of ovulation

back 14

GnRH promotes release of FSH and more LH

front 15

3rd step of ovulation

back 15

LH surge brings about ovulation

front 16

What happens to the mature follicle at ovulation

back 16

  • It ruptures to expel the 2o oocyte into the pelvic cavity, normally to be swept into the uterine tube

front 17

What happens to the 2o oocyte after it is swept into the uterine tube

back 17

  • If not fertilized, it degenerates
  • If sperm are present and one penetrates the 2o oocyte , meiosis II resumes

front 18

What is the more common name for the 2o oocyte?

back 18

The egg

front 19

Oogenesis - picture

back 19

front 20

Oogenesis - Meiosis I summary

back 20

  • Begins during fetal development
  • After puberty, primary oocytes complete meiosis I, which produces a secondary oocyte and a first polar body that may or may not divide again

front 21

Oogenesis - Meiosis II summary

back 21

  • The secondary oocyte and first polar body are ovulated
  • After fertilization meiosis II resumes and the oocyte splits into an ovum and a second polar body.

front 22

Ovarian cycle - picture

back 22

front 23

What is the corpus luteum

back 23

Created from the mature follicle

A temporary structure in the ovary essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy

front 24

What does the corpus luteum secrete

back 24

estrogens - responsible for the thickening of the endometrium

progesterone - responsible for the development and maintenance of the endometrium

front 25

When happens to the corpus luteum if the 2o oocyte is not fertilized

back 25

  • After about 14 days it stops secreting progesterone
  • Degenerates into a corpus albicans (a mass of fibrous scar tissue)

front 26

What occurs in the uterus if the 2o oocyte is not fertilized

back 26

Without estrogen, and then with abrupt progesterone withdrawal, the uterine lining cannot be maintained and it sloughs (menses)

front 27

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs

back 27

  • It is “rescued” from degeneration by a hormone called human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).
  • produces hormones well into the 1st trimester until the placenta can take over

front 28

When is the window of opportunity for fertilization to occur

back 28

Approximately 2 days before ovulation to 1 day after ovulation.

  • Sperm can survive 48-72 hours in the uterine tube

front 29

When is meiosis II completed

back 29

  • At the moment of conception, when the successful sperm penetrates the plasma membrane of the 2 o oocyte
  • The nuclear material of the two cells unite to reconstitute the normal number of chromosomes (2n)

front 30

What is a zygote

back 30

The new diploid cell created at conception / completion of meiosis II

front 31

Oogenesis and follicular development - summary - picture

back 31