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Chapter 24: Special Senses: Vision

front 1

Lacrimal Apparatus (External Eye)

back 1

Contains lacrimal glands, lacrimal canals, lacrimal sac, lacrimal canaliculi, and nasolacrimal duct.

front 2

Lacrimal Sac (External Eye)

back 2

Dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands.

front 3

Lacrimal Glands (External Eye)

back 3

Paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each eye.

front 4

Lacrimal Canals (External Eye)

back 4

Also know as the lacrimal canaliculi.

front 5

Conjunctiva (External Eye)

back 5

Thin, protective mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior surface of the eye itself.

front 6

Sclera - Fibrous Tunic (Non-vascular)
(Internal Eye)

back 6

White opaque portion of the fibrous layer of the eyeball.

front 7

Cornea - Fibrous Tunic (Non-vascular)
(Internal Eye)

back 7

Transparent anterior portion of the eyeball; part of the fibrous layer.

front 8

Choroid - Uvea Tunic (Vascular)
(Internal Eye)

back 8

The vascular middle layer of the eye.

front 9

Iris - Uvea Tunic (Vascular)
(Internal Eye)

back 9

Colored portion of the eye.

front 10

Ciliary Body (Internal Eye)

back 10

Muscle that controls lens shape, attached to lense

front 11

Pupil (Internal Eye)

back 11

Opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.

front 12

Retina - Sensory Tunic (contains vitreous humor)(Internal Eye)

back 12

Neural layer of the eyeball; contains photoreceptors (rods, cones).

front 13

Rods (Internal Eye)

back 13

For dim light and black and white.

front 14

Cones (Internal Eye)

back 14

For color.

front 15

Bipolar Cells (Internal Eye)

back 15

Cells located in the retina the connect ganglion cells and photoreceptors.

front 16

Ganglion Cells (Internal Eye)

back 16

The output cells of the retina. They indirectly receive their inputs from the photoreceptors and send their outputs to the brain.

front 17

Optic Disc (Internal Eye)

back 17

Blind spot: the point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light

front 18

Macula Lutea (Internal Eye)

back 18

A small yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones and that mediates clear detailed vision

front 19

Fovea Centralis (Internal Eye)

back 19

Area on macula lutea that consists only of cones; for acute vision

front 20

Lens (Internal Eye)

back 20

A transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.

front 21

Anterior Segment (Internal Eye)

back 21

Front third of eyeball, including the cornea, anterior chamber, iris and ciliary body.

front 22

Posterior Segment (Internal Eye)

back 22

Back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve.

front 23

Aqueous Humor (Internal Eye)

back 23

Watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye.

front 24

Vitreous Humor (Internal Eye)

back 24

Clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior segment of the eye.

front 25

Visual Pathway

back 25

Pathway that light travels to the brain to become images.
OPTIC NERVE --> OPTIC CHIASMA --> LATERAL GENICULATE BODY --> OPTIC RADIATION --> PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

front 26

Optic nerve

back 26

2nd cranial nerve that is responsible for seeing

front 27

Optic Chiasma

back 27

The partial crossover of fibers of the optic nerves.

front 28

Optic Tract

back 28

A collection of retinal ganglion cell axons stretching from the optic chiasm to the brain stem.

front 29

Emmetropy

back 29

Normal condition of the eye in which visual images are in clear focus on the retina

front 30

Myopia

back 30

A condition in which visual images are focused in front of rather than on the retina; nearsightedness.

front 31

Hyperopia

back 31

A condition in which visual images are routinely focused behind rather than on the retina; commonly known as farsightedness

front 32

Presbyopia

back 32

A condition that results in the loss of near focusing ability; typical onset is around age 40.

front 33

What is A?

back 33

Ciliary Body

front 34

What is B?

back 34

Ciliary Zonule

front 35

What is C?

back 35

Cornea

front 36

What is D?

back 36

Iris

front 37

What is E?

back 37

Pupil

front 38

What is F?

back 38

Anterior Segment (Aqueous Humor)

front 39

What is G?

back 39

Lens

front 40

What is H?

back 40

Scleral Venous Sinus

front 41

What is I?

back 41

Posterior Segment (Vitreous Humor)

front 42

What is J?

back 42

Sclera

front 43

What is K?

back 43

Choroid

front 44

What is L?

back 44

Retina

front 45

What is M?

back 45

Macila Lutea and Fovea Centralis

front 46

What is N?

back 46

Optic Nerve

front 47

What is O?

back 47

Optic Disc (blind spot)

front 48

What is A?

back 48

Lacrimal Gland

front 49

What is B?

back 49

Eye lid

front 50

What is C?

back 50

Superior Lacrimal Canal

front 51

What is D?

back 51

Lacrimal Sac

front 52

What is E?

back 52

Lacrimal Duct

front 53

What is F?

back 53

Inferior Lacrimal Canal

front 54

What is G?

back 54

Lacrimal Puncta

front 55

What is H?

back 55

Iris

front 56

What is I?

back 56

Sclera

front 57

What is J?

back 57

Pupil

front 58

What is K?

back 58

Lacrimal Gland Duct