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Human Anatomy and Physiology Exam 4

front 1

Using Figure 11.1, match the following:
1) Which neuron would connect to a muscle?

2) Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?

3) Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?

4) Which neuron is never myelinated?

5) Which neuron is rare?

6) In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?

7) Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of
cranial nerves?

8) Which is by far the most common neuron type?

back 1

1) Answer: A

2) Answer: B

3) Answer: C

4) Answer: B

5) Answer: B

6) Answer: A

7) Answer: C

8) Answer: A

front 2

Using Figure 11.2, match the following:

9) Ion channel.

10) Synaptic vesicles.

11) Calcium ions.

12) Postsynaptic membrane.

13) Synaptic cleft.

back 2

9) Answer: E

10) Answer: C

11) Answer: A

12) Answer: B

13) Answer: D

front 3

Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.

back 3

True

front 4

Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous
system.

back 4

True

front 5

Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.

back 5

True

front 6

The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons.

back 6

True

front 7

Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.

back 7

True

front 8

If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy
them.

back 8

True

front 9

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
A) support and brace neurons
B) anchor neurons to blood vessels
C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability
D) control the chemical environment around neurons
E) provide the defense for the CNS

back 9

E) provide the defense for the CNS

front 10

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS
D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

back 10

A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

front 11

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?
A) ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) oligodendrocytes
D) astrocytes

back 11

A) ependymal cells

front 12

The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________.

back 12

neurilemma

front 13

Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons?
A) They conduct impulses.
B) They have extreme longevity.
C) They are mitotic.
D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.

back 13

C) They are mitotic.

front 14

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________.
A) axon
B) dendrite
C) neurolemma
D) Schwann cell

back 14

A) axon

front 15

Using Figure, Match the following:

1) Pons

2) Corpus Callosum

3) Caudate Nucleus

4) Globus Pallidus

5) Thalamus

back 15

1) E

2) A

3) B

4) C

5) D

front 16

Key:

A) Occipital lobe

B) Insula

C) Temporal lobe

D) Parietal lobe

E) Frontal lobe

13) Auditory area

14) Primary sensory cortex

15) Somatic motor cortex

16) Motor speech area

17) Premotor area

18) Visual area

19) Taste (gustatory) area

20) Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning

back 16

13) C

14) D

15) E

16) E

17) E

18) A

19) B

20) E

front 17

Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains whereas memory and language have overlapping domains

back 17

True

front 18

The corpora quadrigemina superior colliculi are visual reflex centers, whereas the inferior colliculi are auditory reflex centers.

back 18

True

front 19

Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

back 19

True

front 20

The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.

back 20

True

front 21

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain.

back 21

True

front 22

The RAS is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system.

back 22

False

front 23

The arbor vitae refers to ___________.

A) Flocculonodular nodes

B) Cerebellar gray matter

C) The pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum

D) Cerebellar white matter

back 23

D) Cerebellar white matter

front 24

70) The brain stem consists of the ____________.

A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla

B) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain

C) midbrain, medulla, and pons

D) midbrain only

back 24

C) midbrain, medulla, and pons

front 25

Spinocerebellar tracts _______________.

A) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

B) give rise to conscious experience of perception

C) terminate in the spinal cord

D) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

back 25

D) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

front 26

What cells line ventricles of the brain?

A) ependymal cell

B) astrocytes

C) neurons

D) epithelial cells

back 26

A) ependymal cell

front 27

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

medulla
midbrain
cerebrum
pons

back 27

medulla

front 28

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A. sympathetic ganglia
B. the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
C. the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
D. the thalamus

back 28

C. the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

front 29

Using Figure 13.2,
identify the following components of the reflex arc:

7) Integration center.

8) Sensory neuron.

9) Effector.

10) Motor neuron.

11) Receptor.

back 29

7) Answer: E

8) Answer: C

9) Answer: B

10) Answer: D

11) Answer: A

front 30

17) Tests both upper and lower
motor pathways. The sole of
the foot is stimulated with a
dull instrument.

18) Checks the integrity of the
spinal cord and dorsal rami at
the level of T8 to T12.

19) Produces a rapid withdrawal
of the body part from a
painful stimulus; ipsilateral.

20) Prevents muscle
overstretching and maintains
muscle tone.

21) Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle
relaxes as its antagonist is activated.

A) Stretch
B) Abdominal
C) Flexor
D) Plantar

E) Golgi Tendon

back 30

17) D
18) B
19) C
20) A

21) E

front 31

Match the following:

26) Controls the outputs of the
cortex and regulates motor
activity.

27) Central pattern generators.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 519; Fig. 13.13

28) Intermediate relay for
incoming and outgoing
neurons.

29) The cerebellum and basal
nuclei.

30) Includes cortical and brain
stem motor areas.

31) The neural machinery of the
spinal cord, including spinal
cord circuits.

A) Projection level
B) Segmental level
C) Precommand level

back 31

26) C
27) B
28) A
29) C
30) A
31) B

front 32

Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory
neuron for synergistic muscles in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond.

back 32

False

front 33

The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________.

crossed-extensor reflex
stretch reflex
extensor thrust reflex
stress reflex

back 33

stretch reflex

front 34

Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?

back 34

baroreceptor

front 35

Which of the following is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system?

back 35

segmental

front 36

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation?

back 36

The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential
called a transduction potential.

front 37

A generator potential is the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold

back 37

exteroceptors

front 38

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________

back 38

nociceptors

front 39

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

back 39

nociceptors

front 40

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

back 40

afferent nerves