front 1 Inflammation | back 1 An immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection, or allergy |
front 2 Acute Inflammation | back 2 The initial response to tissue injury and is short in duration (minutes-days). The goal is to eradicate the harmful stimuli from the body and initiate repair |
front 3 Chronic Inflammation | back 3 Continues for weeks to years after initial injury |
front 4 Scope of Inflammation | back 4 Inflammation ranges from no inflammation to active inflammation is classified as acute, chronic, or repair/restorative and either localized or systemic. |
front 5 Normal Physiological Process of Inflammation | back 5 An overlap and interplay between two systems (immune and inflammatory) providing protection to the host. |
front 6 Inflammatory Process | back 6
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front 7 WBCs are attracted to an area of inflammation by _____. | back 7 Chemotaxis |
front 8 Chemotaxis | back 8 Is a complex process involving more than a dozen chemicals whose release is initiated by stimuli. |
front 9 Four Categories of Chemotaxis | back 9
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front 10 Three Major Hormone Groups | back 10
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front 11 Neutrophils | back 11 Are of significant importance in an inflammatory response. Movement of these is mediated by several chemotaxis factors that arise from the area of tissue damage. |
front 12 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) | back 12 Are created by the neutrophils and macrophages that bind with the lysosomes to help kill the invading pathogen. |
front 13 Band cells | back 13 Immature neutrophils, may be present in the blood to achieve the increased numbers of neutrophils required of the response. |
front 14 Lymphocytes | back 14 Are the most prominent in inflammatory responses to viral antigens. |
front 15 _____ are also important in combination with monocytes and macrophages in situations of chronic inflammation. | back 15 Lymphocytes |
front 16 Macrophages | back 16 Are critical in a chronic inflammatory response. |
front 17 Tissue Thromboplastin | back 17 Facilitate hemostasis and to promote fibroblast activity. |
front 18 Macrophages and Lymphocytes | back 18 Will comprise the majority of WBCs found in the exudate during a chronic inflammatory response. |
front 19 What are the local manifestations of inflammation? | back 19 Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling, Loss of Function |
front 20 Variations in Inflammation | back 20 May occur in individuals across the lifespan, with a range of symptoms. |
front 21 Excessive Stimulation Consequence | back 21 Hypersensitivity reactions to the immune system; allergies, asthma, arthritis, multiple scllerosis, and lupus erythematosus. |
front 22 Systemic Pathology Consequence | back 22 Inflammatory response of metabolic effects of obesity and potential role of inflammation within fat cells. |
front 23 Multisystem Organ Failure Consequence | back 23 Associated with sepsis or septic shock invokes strong immune and inflammatory responses. |
front 24 Chronic Inflammation Consequence | back 24 Has been linked to a number of systemic diseases. |
front 25 Populations at Risk | back 25
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front 26 Individual Risk Factors | back 26
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front 27 Assessment | back 27 Asking appropriate questions, examination of the patient, lab tests. and diagnostic tests. |
front 28 Assessment - History | back 28 Focused on the determining the nature of the inflammatory trigger. |
front 29 Assessment - Examination Findings | back 29 Obvious trauma, swelling, drainage or pus, pain, fever, decreased function. |
front 30 Assessment - Diagnostic Tests | back 30 Collection of data or blood to determine what is causing the inflammation/infection. |
front 31 Primary Prevention | back 31 Using good hygiene, safety equipment, food, and water safety issues. |
front 32 Collaborative Interventions | back 32
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front 33 RICE | back 33
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front 34 Immobilization Devices | back 34
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front 35 Pharmacologic Agents | back 35
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front 36 Inflammation Causes | back 36
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front 37 Inflammation Effects | back 37
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front 38 Clinical Exemplars of Inflammation | back 38
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front 39 Bronchitis | back 39 Inflammation of the bronchial tubes and may begin as an acute irritation and progress into a chronic infection. |
front 40 Gastroenteritis | back 40 Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, may be caused by a variety of viruses, contaminated water or food, as a side effect of medications, and in infants it may present with the introduction of allergens within new foods. |
front 41 Atherosclerosis | back 41 Is a disease characterized by the buildup of plaque on the intimal layer of arteries and represents a chronic inflammatory process. |
front 42 Cirrhosis | back 42 Is a disease state that results from the destruction of healthy liver tissue and replacement with scar tissue. |
front 43 Asthma | back 43 An autoimmune-based inflammation, a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an underlying inflammation. |
front 44 Rheumatoid Arthritis | back 44 Is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation to the joints and is characterized by periods of “flares” and “remission.” |
front 45 The nurse is completing an admission assessment of a new patient to the unit. The nurse notes a long, thin, fading scar on the patient’s abdomen in the right lower quadrant. What is the best explanation for the scar’s appearance? | back 45 Fibrous tissue replacing damaged tissue when injury is extensive |
front 46 Which of the following patients is at higher risk for inflammatory reactions? | back 46 79-year-old man with diabetes |
front 47 A patient admitted to an acute care floor has rubor of an area of injury on the left lower extremity. The nurse understands that this redness is caused by | back 47 Vasodilation |
front 48 A patient comes to a clinic with a chief complaint of, “My left arm is red and swollen. It hurts badly enough that I couldn’t go to work today.” The physician orders computer-assisted tomography (CT) scanning of the left upper extremity. The nurse knows the patient understands the reason for the procedure when he states | back 48 “This test will help to better determine where the injury actually is and how severe it is.” |
front 49 The nurse is reviewing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of a patient to determine which significant finding? | back 49 Confirms the nonspecific presence of inflammation. |