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Developmental Psychology Chapters 9-12

front 1

List and describe Piaget's four stages of cognitive development.

back 1

Sensorimotor: Birth-2yrs Use senses to understand the world
Preoperational: 2-6yrs Thing magically and poetically, egocentric
Concrete operational: 6-11yrs Apply logic to what you can sense
Formal Operational: 12yrs and up Abstract & hypothetical though. Can think logically about things you have never experienced

front 2

What is Piaget's term for children's tendency to think about the world from their own personal perspective?

back 2

Egocentrism

front 3

What is the term for the idea that nothing can be undone? The inability to recognize that some things can be restored to the way they were before a change occured?

back 3

Irreversibility

front 4

What is the term for temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and abilities? It is aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process.

back 4

Scaffolding

front 5

What is the term for a person's theory of what other people might be thinking? (in order to have this a child mus realize others have different thoughts than their own- around age 4)

back 5

Theory of Mind

front 6

What is the term fo human interaction that expands and advances understanding often through the words that one person uses to explain something to another?

back 6

Social Mediation
2yrs: 100-2000 words
3yrs: 1000-5000 words
4yrs: 3000-10000 words
5yrs: 5000-20000 words

front 7

What is the name of the type of learning program that uses both of these methods?
1. Piaget's methods of child discovery at their own pace
2. Vygotsky's approach of learning from each other

back 7

Child Centered Programs

front 8

What is the child centered program that is characterized by individual pride, accomplishment, and literacy related tasks?

back 8

Montessori

front 9

Was is the child centered program that originated in Italy and encourages each child's creativity in a carefully designed setting?

back 9

Reggio Emilia

front 10

Type of early education program that
1. stresses academic subjects
2. teach subjects and how to sit quietly
3. teach clear distinction between work and play
4. have a higher child-adult ratio and costs less

back 10

Teacher directed early education program

front 11

Name the program that may initially boost social and learning skills, but lacks clear goals. The results of this program are mired in politics. Early gains have been shown to fade as children age.

back 11

Head Start

front 12

What is the term for the ability to control when and how emotions are expressed?

back 12

Emotional Regulation

This is the most important psychosocial development between ages 2 & 6. It continues through life.

front 13

What are Erikson's 8 Psychosocial stages?

back 13

Trust vs. mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt,
Initiative vs. guilt (3-6yrs),
Industry vs. Inferiority,Identity vs Role Confusion
Intamacy vs. Isolation, Generality vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair

front 14

What is the term for when people blame themselves because they have done something wrong?

back 14

Guilt

front 15

What is the term for goals or drives that come from inside a person?

back 15

Intrinsic Motiviation

front 16

What is the executive part of the brain that acts on or inhibits parts of the brain where powerful emotions form (such as the amygdala)?

back 16

Prefrontal Cortex

Advances in this area occur at age 4 or 5

front 17

What are the 5 steps of Parten's progression of social play?

back 17

1. Solitary
2. Onlooker
3. Parallel
4. Associative
5. Cooperative

front 18

What are the benefits of rough and tumble play?

back 18

Advance children's social understanding
Physical benefits

front 19

What is the type of play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories they create? What are the benefits?

back 19

Sociodramatic Play
1. Explore and rehearse social roles
2. Test ability to explain and convince
3. Practice regulating emotions
4. develop a self concept in a nonthreatening context

front 20

What is the type of parenting style that enforces high standards, strict punishments, and relies on very little communication?

back 20

Authoritarian

front 21

What is the type of parenting style that is highly nurturing, there may be communication but little discipline?

back 21

Permissive

front 22

What is the type of parenting style that sets limits, and enforces rules but retains flexibility and good listening?

back 22

Authoritative

front 23

What is the type of parenting style that is indifferent and unaware of of what is going on in the child's life?

back 23

Neglectful/Uninvolved

front 24

What is the term for nonphysical acts such as insults or social rejection aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people?

back 24

Relational Aggression

front 25

What is the rate of growth in middle childhood?

back 25

Slow and Steady

front 26

What are six benefits of physical activity?

back 26

Better overall health, less obesity, appreciation of cooperation and fair play, improved problem solving ability, respect

front 27

What is the BMI percentile for an obese child?

back 27

95th percentile

front 28

What is the term for an inflammatory disorder of the airways?

back 28

Asthma
Signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. One cause is pollution.

front 29

What is one cause of speeding up thoughts and reactions times and impacting behavior?

back 29

Myelination of the the axons

front 30

Term for the "intelligence quotient" test that originally calculated mental age/chronological age x 100.

back 30

IQ test

Flynn effect: Rise in IQ within a nation

front 31

Gifted children have an IQ of...

back 31

Over 130

Different states have differing gifted programs.

front 32

What are the 3 parts of Sternburg's triartic theory?

back 32

Academic intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical intelligence

front 33

What are Garner's 9 categories of intelligence?

back 33

linguistic, logical-mathematical,
musical, spatial, kinesthetic,
interpersonal, intrapersonal,
naturalistic, existential

People excel in some more than others

front 34

What is the term that links study of typical development to the study of disorders?

back 34

Developmental Psychopathology

front 35

What is the percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD?

back 35

5%

front 36

What are the three signs of Autistic Spectrum Disorder?

back 36

1. Impaired communication
2. Inadequate social skills
3. Unusual patterns of play

front 37

What is the principle that things can be organized into groups by some characteristic they have in common?

back 37

Classification

front 38

What is the theory in which instruction by others is crucial? Zone of proximal development and scaffolding play a role.

back 38

Vygotsky's Socio-cultural theory

front 39

What is the type of memory in which incoming stimulus information is stored for a split second to allow information to be processed?

back 39

Sensory Memory

front 40

What is the correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status?

back 40

There is a strong correlation due to language exposure, adult expectations, and macrosystem resources.

front 41

What is the term for the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context?

back 41

Pragmatics

It advances quite a bit in childhood.

front 42

What is the term for the implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every aspect of learning in school?

back 42

Hidden Curriculum

front 43

What is the percentage of children attending public school?

back 43

88%

front 44

What is the percentage of children being home schooled?

back 44

2%

front 45

What is the type of reading method in which a child learns letter-sound correspondences?

back 45

Phonics

front 46

What is the type of reading method in which a child may draw, talk, and write? They may invent their own spelling as part of the process. This method was supported by Piaget's followers.

back 46

Whole Language Approach