front 1 Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens? | back 1 intact skin and mucous membranes |
front 2 With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis? | back 2 opsonins |
front 3 Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation. What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces? | back 3 edema (swelling) |
front 4 Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is/are released by mast cells? | back 4 histamine |
front 5 What characterizes the chemotaxis phase of phagocyte mobilization? | back 5 Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury. |
front 6 What protein can be released by infected cells to help protect cells that have not yet been infected? | back 6 interferon |
front 7 How do interferons protect against viral infection in healthy cells? | back 7 Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells through the production of antiviral proteins. |
front 8 Which of the following phases involves white blood cells leaving capillaries? | back 8 diapedesis |
front 9 Which of the following is an effect of complement activation? | back 9 opsonization |
front 10 Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed ________. | back 10 opsonization |
front 11 Innate immune system defenses include ________. | back 11 phagocytosis |
front 12 Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway? | back 12 lactate pathway |
front 13 What are the complement activation pathway? | back 13 lectin pathway
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front 14 The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis. | back 14 true |
front 15 multiple sclerosis: autoimmune disorder | back 15 true |
front 16 severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID): genetic defect resulting in a shortage of B and/or T cells | back 16 true |
front 17 AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): helper T cells are destroyed by a virus | back 17 true |
front 18 Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity response; it is not characterized by an immediate response. | back 18 true |
front 19 What types of antigen do T cells NOT recognize? | back 19 self antigens |
front 20 One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody. | back 20 true |
front 21 How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence? | back 21 by being able to recognize their one specific antigen |
front 22 What describe the adaptive immune response? | back 22 It is systemic.
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front 23 Which of the following cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces for recognition? | back 23 dendritic cells |
front 24 B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________. | back 24 bone marrow |
front 25 The antivenom used to treat venomous snake bites is an antibody produced in an animal such as a horse. Suppose these antibodies are injected into a patient who has been bitten by a venomous snake--how would you classify the resulting humoral immunity? | back 25 passive immunity, artificially acquired |
front 26 Which of the following best illustrates artificially acquired active humoral immunity? | back 26 vaccines |
front 27 What part of the antibody’s structure determines its class? | back 27 constant (C) region |
front 28 Which of the following occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins? | back 28 neutralization |
front 29 Which mechanism(s) of antibody action result(s) in cell lysis? | back 29 complement fixation and activation |
front 30 T cells achieve self-tolerance in the __________. | back 30 thymus |
front 31 Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APC)? | back 31 B Cells |
front 32 Which of the following statements regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response is true? | back 32 A primary response results when naive lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. |
front 33 Vaccines provide what type of immunity? | back 33 artificial active |
front 34 Which of the following are properly matched? | back 34 IgG: most abundant antibody |
front 35 Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? | back 35 passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus |
front 36 The primary immune response ________. | back 36 has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells |
front 37 Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies. | back 37 true |
front 38 What type of cell is the precursor to the helper T cell? | back 38 CD4 cell |
front 39 Which of the following activate CD8 cells? | back 39 antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins |
front 40 What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells? | back 40 cytotoxic T (TC) cells |
front 41 Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched? | back 41 helper T cells: destroy infected cells |
front 42 B cell | back 42 Forms antibody producing cells |
front 43 Regulatory T cell | back 43 Slows or stops the immune response |
front 44 Helper T cell | back 44 Absence results in no immune response |
front 45 Cytotoxic T cell | back 45 Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells |
front 46 Memory cell | back 46 Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen |
front 47 T-cell activation requires ________. | back 47 antigen binding and co-stimulation |
front 48 What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does NOT receive a co-stimulatory signal? | back 48 The T cell enters a state of anergy. |
front 49 Which lymphocytes act as the bridge between the cellular and humoral responses? | back 49 helper T cells |