front 1 Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood? | back 1 right atrium |
front 2 The left side of the heart pumps blood to the body and is therefore considered the systemic circuit pump. | back 2 true |
front 3 The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated. For this reason, the right side of the heart is considered the pulmonary circuit pump. | back 3 true |
front 4 Cardiac tamponade results in ineffective pumping of blood by the heart because the excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity will______. | back 4 prevent the heart from filling properly with blood |
front 5 What causes heart sounds? | back 5 heart valve closure |
front 6 The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. | back 6 true |
front 7 What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells? | back 7 intercalated discs |
front 8 Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. | back 8 ventricular diastole |
front 9 The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria. | back 9 true |
front 10 Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. | back 10 false |
front 11 Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. | back 11 Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles. |
front 12 What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? | back 12 greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle |
front 13 Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. | back 13 isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation |
front 14 Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? | back 14 AV valves only |
front 15 In what direction does blood flow through the heart? | back 15 Blood moves through the heart from atria to ventricles and out large arteries, always from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure through one-way valves. |
front 16 Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle? | back 16 atrial contraction |
front 17 At what point during the cardiac cycle does the AV valve close? | back 17 when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure |
front 18 At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve open? | back 18 when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure |
front 19 Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle? | back 19 ventricular ejection |
front 20 At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve close? | back 20 when pressure in the ventricle becomes less than aortic pressure |
front 21 Isovolumetric relaxation is characterized by which of the following? | back 21 The semilunar and AV valves are closed. |
front 22 At what point in the cardiac cycle does the AV valve open? | back 22 when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure |
front 23 Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the depolarization wave received by the atria from the sinoatrial (SA) node? | back 23 P Wave |
front 24 What is the period during the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are completely closed and blood volume in them remains constant as the ventricles contract? | back 24 isovolumetric contraction phase |
front 25 Which of the following increases stroke volume? | back 25 exercise increases venous return, which would in turn increase the amount of blood in the presystolic ventricle (preload). |
front 26 Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction? | back 26 extrasystole |
front 27 The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents __________. | back 27 atrial depolarization |
front 28 What best describes afterload? | back 28 back pressure exerted by arterial blood |
front 29 The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle? | back 29 isovolumetric relaxation |
front 30 As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve. | back 30 true |
front 31 the superior vena cava | back 31 carries oxygen-poor venous blood from above the diaphragm from areas of the upper body and extremities into the right atrium. |
front 32 the coronary sinus | back 32 carries oxygen-poor venous blood of the coronary circulation into the right atrium. |
front 33 the inferior vena cava | back 33 carries oxygen-poor venous blood from below the diaphragm from the areas of the lower body and extremities into the right atrium. |
front 34 Assume that blood is flowing from the coronary sinus to the lung capillaries. Place the anatomical labels in order of flow | back 34 right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve ->pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries |
front 35 from left to right, in order of blood flow of oxygen-rich blood into the heart. | back 35 Lung capillaries-> Pulmonary veins-> Left atrium-> Mitral/bicuspid valve-> Left ventricle-> Aortic/semilunar valve |
front 36 mitral (bicuspid) valve | back 36 The structure that prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium |
front 37 aorta | back 37 The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to tissues |
front 38 systemic capillaries | back 38 The capillaries receiving blood flow from the left side of the heart |
front 39 aortic semilunar valve | back 39 The structure that is located anatomically between the aorta and the left ventricle |
front 40 Arrange these elements of the intrinsic conduction system in the order that a depolarizing impulse travels during a normal heartbeat. | back 40 SA node-> Internodal pathways-> AV node-> AV bundle->Bundle branches-> Purkinje fibers |
front 41 AV Bundle | back 41 Electrical link(s) between atria and ventricles |
front 42 Purkinje Fibers | back 42 Convey(s) the impulse throughout the ventricular walls |
front 43 Internodal Pathways | back 43 Link(s) between the SA node and AV node |
front 44 AV Node | back 44 Delay(s) occurs here while atria contract |
front 45 Bundle Branches | back 45 Convey(s) the impulse down the interventricular septum |
front 46 SA Node | back 46 Set(s) the pace for the entire heart |
front 47 Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat? | back 47 SA node |
front 48 Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest? | back 48 AV Node |
front 49 At what point in the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricles the highest (around 120 mm Hg in the left ventricle)? | back 49 ventricular systole |
front 50 During which of these stages are the pulmonary and aortic valves open? | back 50 phase 2b |
front 51 Which best describe the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle? | back 51 As ventricular systole start, the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are closed. Because the ventricles are contracting and both valves are closed, pressure increases rapidly leading to ejection. |
front 52 As your muscles contract during activity, more blood is returned to the heart. Which variable would be affected and what would be the outcome of this action? | back 52 Preload would be increased, which would increase cardiac output. |
front 53 Which chamber of the heart has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction? | back 53 left ventricle |
front 54 The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. | back 54 true |
front 55 Name the ridged bundles of muscle found projecting inside the right atrium. | back 55 Pectinate muscles |
front 56 Identify the right atrioventricular valve | back 56 pulmonary valve |
front 57 Identfiy the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle. | back 57 pulmnary semilunar valve |
front 58 The moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart. | back 58 true |
front 59 Oxygenated blood flows through the right side of the heart. | back 59 false |
front 60 Identify the most muscular chamber. | back 60 left ventricle |
front 61 Name the inner lining of the heart. | back 61 Endocardium |
front 62 Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle. | back 62 Bicuspid (mitral) valve |
front 63 What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve? | back 63 left entricle |
front 64 Name the needle like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles. | back 64 Trabeculae carneae |
front 65 What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position? | back 65 Chordae tendineae |
front 66 Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed. | back 66 true |
front 67 What is the function of the coronary circulation? | back 67 Provide a blood supply to the heart |
front 68 What is the ligamentum arteriosum? | back 68 A remnant of the ductus arteriosus |
front 69 Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk? | back 69 Right ventricle |
front 70 Identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart. | back 70 Auricle |
front 71 The first branch off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery in both the sheep and the human. | back 71 true |
front 72 The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart. | back 72 false |
front 73 The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right. | back 73 false |
front 74 If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched, oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs. | back 74 true |