front 1 list the four concepts of cell theory | back 1 1.basic structural and functional unit 2. organisms activity is based on cells activity 3. biochemical chemical activty determines & is determined by subcellular structure 4. continuity of life is based on cell reproduction |
front 2 describe three diffferent cell shapes | back 2 cubelike, disk shaped, tilelike, spherical, branching, cylindical |
front 3 name the trhee MAJOR parts of any cell | back 3 plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
front 4 define generalized or composite cell | back 4 model that describes a cell in terms of common features/ functions that all cells share |
front 5 does non polar mean hydrophobic or hydrophilic | back 5 hydrophobic |
front 6 what is the structural significance of microvilli | back 6 to increase the surface area of the palsma membrane |
front 7 what type of cell functions does the presence of microvilli typicalls indicate | back 7 found on cells involved in secretion and/or absorption |
front 8 what protien acts as a microvilli stiffener | back 8 actin |
front 9 name two factors in addition to special membrane junctions that help hold cells together | back 9 the gylcocalyx and tongue in groove folding of adjacent plasma membranes |
front 10 which cell junction forms an impermiable barrier | back 10 tight junction |
front 11 which cell junction is buttonlike adhesion | back 11 desmosome |
front 12 which junction has linker protiens spanning the intercellular space | back 12 desmosome |
front 13 which cell junction allows direct passage from one cells cytoplasm to the next | back 13 gap junction |
front 14 what name is given to the transmembrane proteins that allow this direct passage | back 14 connexons |
front 15 engulfment process that require ATP | back 15 exocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, solute pumping |
front 16 driven by molecular energy | back 16 diffusion - simple , diffusion -osmosis |
front 17 moves down (with) a concentration gradient; requites a carrier | back 17 solute pumping |
front 18 moves up (against) a concentration gradient; requires a carrier | back 18 solute pumping |
front 19 uses a clathrin- coated vesicle (pit) | back 19 phagocytosis, pniocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis |
front 20 typically involves coupled systems; that is ,symports or antiports | back 20 slolute pumping |
front 21 examples of vesicular transport | back 21 exocytosis, phagocytosis,pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis |
front 22 a means of bringing fairly large particles into the cell | back 22 phagocytosis |
front 23 used to eject wastes and to seperate cell products | back 23 exocytosis |
front 24 plasma membrane | back 24 a) location- external boundry of the cell b) function- confines cell contents, regulates entry and exit of materials |
front 25 lysosome | back 25 a) location- scattered in cytoplasm b) function- digests ingested materials and worn out organelles |
front 26 mitochondria | back 26 a) location - scattered throughout the cell b) function- controls release of energy from foods forms ATP |
front 27 microvilli | back 27 a) location- projections of the plasma membrane b) function - increase the membrane surface area |
front 28 golgi apparatus | back 28 a) location - near the nucleus {in the cytoplasm} b) function- packages protiens to be exported from the cell; packages lysosomal enzymes |
front 29 centrioles | back 29 a) location - two rod shaped bodies near the nucleus b) spin the miotic spindle |
front 30 smooth ER | back 30 a) location- in the cytoplasm b) function- site of steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism |
front 31 rough ER | back 31 a) location- in the cytoplasm b) function- transports proteins (made on its ribosomes) to other site in the cell; site of membrane lipid synthesis |
front 32 ribosomes | back 32 a) location- attached to Er membranes os scattered in the cytoplasm b) function- sythesize proteins |
front 33 cilia | back 33 a) location -extensions of cell to exterior b) function- act collectively to move substances scross cell surface in one direction |
front 34 microtubules | back 34 a) location- internal structure of centrioles; part of the cytoskeleton b) function importnat in cell shape, suspend organelles |
front 35 peroxisomes | back 35 a) location - throughout cytoplasm b) function detoxify alcohol and free radicals accumulating from normal metabolism |
front 36 microfilaments | back 36 a) location - throughout cytoplasm; part of cytoskeleton b) function -contractile protein (actin) moves cell or cell parts, core of microvilli |
front 37 intermediate filaments | back 37 a) location - part of cytoskeleton b) function act as internal "guy wires" help form desmosomes |
front 38 inclusions | back 38 a) location - dispersed in the cytoplasm b) function - provide nutriens, represent cell waste products,etc. |
front 39 prophase | back 39 a. chromatin thickens to form chromosomes b. spindle apparatus form c. nuclear membrane dis appears d. nucleolus disappears |
front 40 metaphase | back 40 chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
front 41 ananphase | back 41 chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fiberse |
front 42 when does cytokinesis begin | back 42 during anaphase |
front 43 telophase | back 43 a. chromatin thins b. spindle apparatus disapear c. nuclear membrane appearrs d. nucleolus appears |
front 44 osmosis | back 44 movement of water from high to low concentration |
front 45 tonicity | back 45 ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink of swell |
front 46 isotonic | back 46 a solution with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol --- stays the same |
front 47 hypertonic | back 47 a solution having greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol --- cell shrivels |
front 48 hypotonic | back 48 a solution having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol --- cell expands and bursts |
front 49 phagocytosis | back 49 pseudopods engulf solids and bring them into cells interior |
front 50 pniocytosis | back 50 the cell gulps drops of extracellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vessicle |
front 51 exocytosis | back 51 the cell getting rid of waste -hormone secretion, neurotransmitter releases, mucus secretion, ejection of wastes |
front 52 G1 | back 52 cell growth - reaady for DNA replication |
front 53 S | back 53 DNA replication |
front 54 G2 | back 54 cell growth - ready for motosis , The final period of interphase during which the cell prepares for mitosis. |
front 55 GO phase | back 55 a phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is not dividing and its DNA is not replicating |
front 56 mitosis | back 56 cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
front 57 leading strand | back 57 the new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' --> 3' direction |
front 58 lagging strand | back 58 A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. |
front 59 stages of mitosis | back 59 prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
front 60 cleavage furrow | back 60 The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. |
front 61 miosis | back 61 (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |