front 1 1) The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____. A) in plants D) three separate times during evolution | back 1 Answer: B |
front 2 2) In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located? A) in chloroplast membranes D) in the infolded plasma membrane | back 2 Answer: D |
front 3 3) Plants photosynthesize _____. B) only in the dark but respire only in the light C) only in the light but respire in light and dark D) and respire only in the light | back 3 Answer: C |
front 4 4) Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic
plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from _____. C) air | back 4 Answer: A |
front 5 5) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by
the algae contain 18O EXCEPT _____. C) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) D) O2 | back 5 Answer: D |
front 6 6) Every ecosystem must have _____. A) autotrophs and heterotrophs C) photosynthesizers D) autotrophs | back 6 Answer: D |
front 7 7) When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of _____. A) splitting water molecules D) the electron transfer system of photosystem II | back 7 Answer: A |
front 8 8) Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between
autotrophs and heterotrophs? C) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. | back 8 Answer: C |
front 9 Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 11) What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? A) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the
temperature of the red and blue light. C) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. D) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis. | back 9 Answer: B |
front 10 Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. 12) An outcome of Engelmann's experiment was to help determine the
relationship between _____. C) wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis | back 10 Answer: C |
front 11 A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. 13) What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant
growth with a minimum of energy expenditure? C) a mixture of blue and red light | back 11 Answer: C |
front 12 A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. 14) Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the
leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of
visible light are absorbed by this pigment? C) green and yellow | back 12 Answer: B |
front 13 15) Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants. (That is, the Halobacterium action spectrum has a peak where the green plant action spectrum has a trough.) What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb? A) red and yellow | back 13 Answer: C |
front 14 16) Why are there several structurally different pigments in the
reaction centers of photosystems? | back 14 Answer: B |
front 15 17) If pigments from a particular species of plant are extracted and
subjected to paper chromatography, which of the following is most
likely? B) Paper chromatography would separate the pigments from a particular plant into several bands. C) The isolated pigments would be some shade of green. | back 15 Answer: B |
front 16 18) In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is
because chlorophyll is degraded and _____. C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced | back 16 Answer: A |
front 17 19) What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other
pigment molecules of the antenna complex)? C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. | back 17 Answer: D |
front 18 20) As electrons are passed through the system of electron carriers
associated with photosystem II, they lose energy. What happens to this
energy? C) It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. D) It is used to phosphorylate NAD+ to NADPH, the molecule that accepts electrons from photosystem I. | back 18 Answer: C |
front 19 21) The final electron acceptor associated with photosystem I is _____. A) oxygen D) NADPH | back 19 Answer: C |
front 20 22) The electrons of photosystem II are excited and transferred to
electron carriers. From which molecule or structure do the photosystem
II replacement electrons come? C) water | back 20 Answer: C |
front 21 23) In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex _____. A) split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center
chlorophyll Pi | back 21 Answer: B |
front 22 24) Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem
I? B) generation of molecular oxygen | back 22 Answer: A |
front 23 25) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to _____. A) determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts C) test for CO2 fixation in the dark | back 23 Answer: B |
front 24 26) What are the products of linear electron flow? A) heat and fluorescence D) ADP and NADP+ | back 24 Answer: C |
front 25 27) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH
consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find that 30,000 molecules
of ATP were consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH were
consumed. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? | back 25 Answer: C |
front 26 28) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of
the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will
most directly affect the _____. C) synthesis of ATP D) reduction of NADP+ | back 26 Answer: C |
front 27 29) In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? A)
thylakoid membrane only D) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane | back 27 Answer: C |
front 28 30) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into
the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves
protons from the _____. C) intermembrane space to the matrix | back 28 Answer: B |
front 29 31) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship
between photosynthesis and respiration? C) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants; respiration occurs only in animals. D) Photosynthesis is catabolic; respiration is anabolic. | back 29 Answer: B |
front 30 32) In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic
mechanism occurs during _____. C) photosynthesis and respiration | back 30 Answer: C |
front 31 33) Carbon dioxide is split to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds _____. A) during photosynthesis D) in neither photosynthesis nor respiration | back 31 Answer: D |
front 32 34) What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the
quantity of energy per photon? C) They are logarithmically related. | back 32 Answer: B |
front 33 35) P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent.
Given its function, why is this necessary? C) It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. | back 33 Answer: D |
front 34 36) Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have
antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do
they have in plants? C) They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. D) They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. | back 34 Answer: B |
front 35 37) In a plant, the reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in _____. A) the light reactions alone | back 35 Answer: A |
front 36 38) The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began with the origin of _____. A) life and respiratory metabolism D) land plants | back 36 Answer: B |
front 37 39) In its mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to _____. A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis D) reduction of NADP+ | back 37 Answer: B |
front 38 40) Which process is most directly driven by light energy? B) carbon fixation in the stroma C) reduction of NADP+ molecules | back 38 Answer: D |
front 39 41) A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy but still maximize plant growth? A) green | back 39 Answer: B |
front 40 42) A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights, which are set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored. Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask. The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will _____. A) always be higher D) be higher in the light, but lower in the dark | back 40 Answer: D |
front 41 43) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of
photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? B) H2O and O2 C) ADP, Pi, and NADP+ D) ATP and NADPH | back 41 Answer: D |
front 42 44) Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast | back 42 Answer: A |
front 43 45) What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? A) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide D) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide | back 43 Answer: D |
front 44 46) In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.
After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin
cycle? B) regeneration of ATP from ADP C) regeneration of RuBP D) regeneration of NADP+ | back 44 Answer: C |
front 45 49) Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of
electrons during photosynthesis? C) NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle | back 45 Answer: B |
front 46 50) Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle? A) oxidation of NADPH D) consumption of ATP | back 46 Answer: B |
front 47 51) What compound provides the reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions? A) ATP C) NADP+ | back 47 Answer: D |
front 48 52) What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled? A) All plants would experience increased rates of
photosynthesis. C) C4 plants would have faster growth; C3 plants would be minimally affected. D) C3 plants would have faster growth; C4 plants would have slower growth. | back 48 Answer: B |
front 49 53) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. C) They conserve water more efficiently. | back 49 Answer: B |
front 50 54) CAM plants keep stomata closed in the daytime, thus reducing loss
of water. They can do this because they _____. C) fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells D) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night | back 50 Answer: A |
front 51 55) The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why? A) Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of
photosynthesis. C) Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon
fixation. | back 51 Answer: C |
front 52 56) If plant gene alterations cause plants to be deficient in
photorespiration, what would most probably occur? C) There would be more light-induced damage to the cells. D) Less oxygen would be produced. | back 52 Answer: C |
front 53 57) Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants _____. B) have higher rates of photorespiration | back 53 Answer: A |
front 54 60) Photorespiration _____. C) generates oxygen and consumes ATP, carbon dioxide, and sugars D) consumes carbon dioxide and generates ATP, sugars, and oxygen | back 54 Answer: A |