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Microbiology Chapter 3

front 1

Prokaryotes exhibit these common features found in all living things. Identify the exception.

  1. They use DNA as the hereditary material.
  2. They use complex biochemical patterns of growth and energy conversions.
  3. They have a simple organization.
  4. The have complex responses to stimuli.

back 1

3. They have a simple organization.

front 2

One important ability that all cells must have to survive is maintaining a relatively stable internal environment. This is called

  1. homeostasis
  2. adaptation
  3. feedback
  4. regulation

back 2

  1. homeostasis

front 3

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ primarily with regard to the absence or presence of a

  1. plasma membrane.
  2. cell wall.
  3. spore.
  4. nucleus.

back 3

4. nucleus

front 4

Which scientists were the developers of the cell theory that all organisms are made of cells?

  1. Pasteur and Koch
  2. Linnaeus and Virchow
  3. Schleiden and Schwann
  4. Haeckel and Woess

back 4

3. Schleiden and Schwann

front 5

All the following are characteristics of prokaryotes except

  1. prokaryotes have organelles.
  2. prokaryotes have ribosomes.
  3. prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
  4. prokaryotes have genes.

back 5

  1. prokaryotes have organelles.

front 6

All the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except

  1. they lack a nucleus.
  2. they reproduce only by mitosis.
  3. they are composed of single cells.
  4. they include the bacteria.

back 6

2. they reproduce only by mitosis.

front 7

All of the following are part of the endomembrane system except

  1. endoplasmic reticulum.
  2. mitochondria.
  3. lysosomes.
  4. Golgi apparatus.

back 7

2. mitochondria

front 8

Which one of the following is not a function of the Golgi apparatus?

  1. Sorting of proteins
  2. Synthesis of proteins
  3. Processing of proteins
  4. Packaging of proteins

back 8

2. Synthesis of proteins

front 9

Prokaryotes go through the same kinds of energy reactions as eukaryotes, but without the double membrane organelles. Instead they use

  1. ribosomes.
  2. single membrane vacuoles.
  3. the cytosol and cell membranes.
  4. they use all of the above.

back 9

3. the cytosol and cell membranes.

front 10

Many prokaryotic cells exhibit motility. This is generally by

  1. membrane covered cilia
  2. uncovered cilia
  3. membrane covered flagella
  4. uncovered flagella

back 10

4. uncovered flagella

front 11

How do bacterial cells control water balance?

  1. Water moves in and out by osmosis.
  2. The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting from too much water.
  3. Water is limited by the cell membrane.
  4. A and B are correct, but not C.

back 11

  1. Water moves in and out by osmosis.

front 12

The binomial system of nomenclature for microorganisms uses the

  1. genus and specific epithet.
  2. order and species epithet.
  3. kingdom and genus names.
  4. family and species names.

back 12

  1. genus and specific epithet.

front 13

The correct way to write the name of a bacterium in the binomial system is

  1. Esch. col.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Escherichia coli.
  4. Escherichia Coli.

back 13

3. Escherichia coli.

front 14

In the scientific name Bacillus anthracis, the term Bacillus is the

  1. species name.
  2. specific epithet.
  3. genus name.
  4. family name.

back 14

3. genus name.

front 15

In the bacterial name Vibrio cholerae, the word cholerae represents the

  1. specific epithet.
  2. genus.
  3. family.
  4. kingdom.

back 15

  1. specific epithet.

front 16

Carl von Linné or Linnaeus was important to biology because of his work with classification of organisms in

  1. Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.
  2. Systema Naturae and binomial nomenclature.
  3. Micrographia and taxonomic keys.
  4. All of the above are correct, he was a prolific writer.

back 16

2. Systema Naturae and binomial nomenclature.

front 17

Starting with Linnaeus, a hierarchical system was established for cataloging of living things. What did this mean at that time?

  1. Grouping of species by shared and common characteristics.
  2. Grouping of organisms by DNA analysis.
  3. Grouping of organisms by rRNA sequences.
  4. All of the above are correct.

back 17

1. Grouping of species by shared and common characteristics.

front 18

Which is the correct listing of a hierarchical system from large to small for bacteria?

  1. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species.
  2. Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, Species.
  3. Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Specific ephitat.
  4. Domain, Order, Division, Class, Family, Genus, Specific ephitat.

back 18

3. Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Specific ephitat.

front 19

Whittaker, Linnaeus and Haeckel all made substantial contributions to the

  1. development of microscopic instruments.
  2. science of taxonomy.
  3. discovery of viruses.
  4. history of protozoology.

back 19

2. Science of taxonomy.

front 20

In 1866, Ernst Haeckel, devised a three kingdom system. One kingdom was Plants, the second was Animals. What was the third kingdom and what did it include?

  1. Bacteria: included bacteria
  2. Monera: included bacteria, protozoans and algae.
  3. Protists: included bacteria, protozoa, algae and fungi.
  4. Unicellular: included all the single celled organisms

back 20

3. Protists: included bacteria, protozoa, algae and fungi.

front 21

Which one of following did not attempt a classification of living organisms?

  1. Robert H. Whittaker
  2. Carl Linnaeus
  3. Ernst Haeckel
  4. All the above tried to classify organisms.

back 21

4. All the above tried to classify organisms.

front 22

In the five-kingdom system of classification, which one of the following is not one of the kingdoms?

  1. Fungi.
  2. Virus
  3. Monera.
  4. Protista.

back 22

2. Virus

front 23

Which one of the following taxonomic groups is first associated with the work of Woese?

  1. Fungi
  2. Protista
  3. Archaea
  4. Animalia

back 23

3. Archaea

front 24

In Wittiker's five kingdom system, the fungi are

  1. pigmented organisms which move by means of flagella.
  2. a group that includes diatoms and dinoflagellates.
  3. typical prokaryotes.
  4. non-green, non-photosynthetic eukaryotes.

back 24

4. non-green, non-photosynthetic eukaryotes.

front 25

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology may be used to

  1. classify an unknown microorganism.
  2. look up the ingredients of a bacteriological growth medium.
  3. study the principles of nomenclature.
  4. learn how to test for the metabolic characteristics of bacteria.

back 25

  1. classify an unknown microorganism.

front 26

Carl Woese proposed a new classification system of three domains. What were these three domains?

  1. These were Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.
  2. These were Plantae, Animalia and Bacteria.
  3. These were Archaea, Animalia and Plantae.
  4. These were Archaea, Prokarya and Eukarya.

back 26

  1. These were Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.

front 27

The __________ are included in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

  1. protozoa
  2. molds and yeasts
  3. bacteria
  4. viruses

back 27

3. bacteria

front 28

What tests are used to help identify bacteria today?

  1. Physical characteristics including shape, size and arrangement of cells.
  2. Biochemical tests showing metabolic properties like fermentation tubes.
  3. Serological tests with antisera for the production of antibodies.
  4. All of the above are currently used.

back 28

4. All of the above are currently used.

front 29

The length of an organism measuring 50 nanometers also may be expressed as

  1. 50,000 micrometers.
  2. 0.050 centimeters.
  3. 0.050 millimeters.
  4. 0.050 micrometers.

back 29

0.050 micrometers.

front 30

A nanometer (nm) is what part of a meter?

  1. 1/100
  2. 1/1000
  3. one millionth
  4. one billionth

back 30

  1. one billionth

front 31

The smallest unit of size in the list below is the

  1. meter.
  2. millimeter.
  3. micrometer.
  4. nanometer.

back 31

4. nanometer

front 32

Which one of the following sequences exhibits increasing size?

  1. Viruses to protozoa to bacteria
  2. Bacteria to viruses to fungi
  3. Fungi to protozoa to bacteria
  4. Viruses to bacteria to protozoa

back 32

4. Viruses to bacteria to protozoa

front 33

All the following groups are smaller than traditional bacteria except

  1. viruses.
  2. yeasts.
  3. mycoplasmas.
  4. rickettsiae.

back 33

2. yeasts.

front 34

The resolving power of the microscope reveals

  1. two closely spaced objects to be seen clearly.
  2. the maximum magnification possible with a particular objective.
  3. whether or not oil is needed to see a microorganism.
  4. the amount of clearance between slide and objective lens.

back 34

two closely spaced objects to be seen clearly.

front 35

Which one of the following groups is not resolved with the light microscope?

  1. Bacteria
  2. Fungi
  3. Molds
  4. Viruses

back 35

4. Viruses

front 36

An ocular lens with a magnification of 10X and an objective lens of 40X has a total magnification of

  1. 10X.
  2. 40X.
  3. 50X.
  4. 400X.

back 36

4. 400X.

front 37

At the conclusion of the negative stain technique, one can observe

  1. green-stained bacteria on a clear background.
  2. clear bacteria on a dark background.
  3. clear bacteria on a clear background.
  4. red bacteria on a clear green background.

back 37

2. clear bacteria on a dark background.

front 38

The Gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing

  1. types of fungi.
  2. the size and structure of viruses.
  3. the nucleus of bacteria from other cellular organelles.
  4. different types of bacteria.

back 38

4. different types of bacteria.

front 39

Which of the following stains is used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with its thick waxy walls?

  1. Acid fast stain
  2. Gram stain
  3. Negative stain
  4. All of the above have to be used.

back 39

1. Acid fast stain

front 40

________ microscopy uses special filters and diaphragms to split the light beam and throw the rays slightly out of phase.

  1. Dark-field
  2. Fluorescence
  3. Phase-contrast
  4. Electron

back 40

3. Phase-contrast

front 41

A microscope image that has a dark background, with only the live object being illuminated, is an example of

  1. bright-field microscopy.
  2. scanning electron microscopy.
  3. dark-field microscopy.
  4. phase-contrast microscopy.

back 41

3. dark-field microscopy.

front 42

Dark-field microscopy is valuable for observing

  1. stained organisms.
  2. organisms too small to be seen with the light microscope.
  3. live microorganisms.
  4. internal details of microorganisms.

back 42

3. live microorganisms.

front 43

The use of UV light to excite a dye is used with

  1. bright-field microscopy.
  2. phase-contrast microscopy.
  3. electron microscopy.
  4. fluorescence microscopy.

back 43

4. fluorescence microscopy.

front 44

An advantage of the SEM over the TEM is

  1. a higher magnification may be achieved with the SEM.
  2. thin sections are not needed with the SEM.
  3. the SEM uses an electron beam with a shorter wavelength.
  4. the resolution is better with the SEM.

back 44

2. thin sections are not needed with the SEM.

front 45

requires that objects must be placed in a vacuum.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 45

  1. Transmission electron microscopy

front 46

uses ultraviolet light as an energy source.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 46

Fluorescence microscopy

front 47

permits magnifications of over 200,000X.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 47

Transmission electron microscopy

front 48

is used to observe dye-tagged antibodies.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 48

Fluorescence microscopy

front 49

has a special condenser to scatter light.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 49

Dark-field microscopy

front 50

can be used to observe objects as small as 2.0 nm in diameter.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 50

Transmission electron microscopy

front 51

is synonymous with the compound microscope.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 51

Dark-field microscopy

front 52

involves electrons that are excited and move to a higher energy level

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 52

Fluorescence microscopy

front 53

is the best way to observe motile microorganisms.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 53

Dark-field microscopy

front 54

uses ultra-thin sections of microorganisms.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 54

Transmission electron microscopy

front 55

involves staining objects with heavy metals after sectioning.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 55

Transmission electron microscopy

front 56

uses visible light as an energy source.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 56

Bright-field microscopy

front 57

is used after Gram staining.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 57

Bright-field microscopy

front 58

produces the illuminated organism on a dark background.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 58

Dark-field microscopy

front 59

is used by diagnostic labs to identify many unknown microorganisms.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 59

Fluorescence microscopy

front 60

uses immersion oil to increase resolution with the 100X objective.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 60

Bright-field microscopy

front 61

produces an effect similar to seeing the moon at night.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 61

Dark-field microscopy

front 62

aids in the visualization of spiral bacteria.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 62

Dark-field microscopy

front 63

is used to observe a slice of bacterium.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 63

Transmission electron microscopy

front 64

was pioneered by Ernst Ruska.

  1. Transmission electron microscopy
  2. Fluorescence microscopy
  3. Dark-field microscopy
  4. Bright-field microscopy

back 64

Transmission electron microscopy

front 65

. Non-photosynthetic, cell walls composed of chitin

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 65

Eukarya

Fungi

front 66

Photosynthetic; prokaryotic

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 66

Bacteria`

front 67

Includes Koalas in bamboo plants

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 67

Archaea

Plants

Animals

front 68

Escherichia coli

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 68

Bacteria

front 69

Have no membrane bound organelles

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 69

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria

front 70

Cyanobacteria

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 70

Bacteria

front 71

Grass and trees

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 71

Eukarya

Plants

front 72

Have ribosomes

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 72

  1. Eukarya
  2. Protists
  3. Plants

front 73

prokaryotes living under extreme conditions

  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
  4. Protists
  5. Fungi
  6. Plants
  7. Animals

back 73

  1. Archaea