front 1 Who is responsible for the "magic bullet" theory? | back 1 Paul Ehrlich. |
front 2 Who investigated Penicillin? | back 2 Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928. The first trials of penicillin began in 1940. |
front 3 Which sources do our antimicrobials come from? | back 3 Bacteria: Bacillus and Streptomyces Fungal: Cephalosporium and Penicillium. |
front 4 What makes protozoan and helminth diseases more difficult to treat? | back 4 These organisms resemble the human cell much more closely than a bacterial cell does. So, a drug that targets these pathogens usually damages the host, too. |
front 5 Which antibiotics affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria? | back 5 Broad spectrum antibiotics. |
front 6 Which antimicrobials disrupt cell wall synthesis? | back 6 Penicillins, cephalosporins, polypeptide antibiotics, antimycobacterial antibiotics. |
front 7 Where are natural penicillins extracted from? | back 7 Penicillium cultures. |
front 8 What are the two types of natural penicillin? | back 8 Penicillin G (injected) and Penicillin V (oral) |
front 9 Penicillin G is more often the drug of choice when treating what? | back 9 Staphylococci, streptococci, and several spirochetes. |
front 10 What is the difference between natural penicillin and semisynthetic penicillin? | back 10 Natural penicillins are susceptible to penicillinases whereas semisynthetic penicillins are resistant to penicillinases (because they contain chemically added side chains). |
front 11 Which penicillins are broad spectrum? | back 11 Aminopenicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin) Carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin and ticarcillin) Ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin and azlocillin) |
front 12 What microorganism does the carboxypenicillins have a special advantage against? | back 12 Pseudomonas. |
front 13 What is another name for the disc-diffusion method? | back 13 Kirby-Bauer test. |
front 14 Antimicrobials can have many side effects, which ones tend to have fewer? | back 14 Penicillin. |
front 15 Which antimicrobials are used to treat fungal infections? | back 15 Polyenes (Amphotericin B), Azoles, Allylamines (Terbinafine and naftifine). |
front 16 Which is more virulent, community or hospital acquired MRSA? | back 16 Community-acquired. |