front 1 How do you know if something is an enzyme? | back 1 It ends in -ase. |
front 2 Metabolic pathways are determined by _______. | back 2 Enzymes |
front 3 Breaks down complex molecules; provides energy and building blocks for anabolism; exergonic. | back 3 Catabolism |
front 4 Uses energy and building blocks to build complex molecules; endergonic. | back 4 Anabolism. |
front 5 In general, _______ pathways generate ATP, whereas _______ pathways expend ATP. | back 5 catabolic; anabolic. |
front 6 Act on specific substrate and lower the activation energy | back 6 Enzymes |
front 7 Substrate contacts the enzyme's active site to form an ____________ complex. | back 7 enzyme-substrate |
front 8 The substrate is transformed and rearranged into _______, which are released from the enzyme. | back 8 products. |
front 9 Are enzymes specific to particular substrates? | back 9 Yes. |
front 10 What is the turnover number (number of substrate molecules an enzyme converts to a product per second) | back 10 Generally 1 to 10,000. |
front 11 What is apoenzyme? | back 11 The protein portion of an enzyme. |
front 12 What is the cofactor? | back 12 Nonprotein component |
front 13 What is the holoenzyme? | back 13 The apoenzyme plus cofactor |
front 14 What are some factors that influence enzyme activity? | back 14 Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors. |
front 15 What happens to an enzyme after it is used? | back 15 Nothing. The enzyme can repeat the same methods over and over again. |
front 16 Fills the active site of an enzyme and competes with the substrate | back 16 Competitive inhibitor |
front 17 Interacts with another part of the enzyme rather than the active site | back 17 Noncompetitive inhibitor |
front 18 RNA that functions as a catalyst by cutting and splicing RNA | back 18 Ribozymes |
front 19 During oxidation, is electrons gained or lost? During reduction, are electrons gained or lost? | back 19 Lost Gained OILRIG - Oxidation Is Lost, Reduction Is Gained |
front 20 Electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to another along the what? | back 20 Electron transport chain |
front 21 What is the only place photophosphorylation occurs? | back 21 Light-trapping photosynthetic cells |
front 22 Light energy is converted to ATP when the transfer of electrons (oxidation) from chlorophyll pass through a system of carrier molecules | back 22 Photophosphorylation |
front 23 When is ATP and NADPH produced, cyclic or non-cyclic photophosphorylation? | back 23 Non-cyclic. |
front 24 The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP and NADH during what? | back 24 Glycolysis |
front 25 How many ATP are using during the beginning stage of Glycolysis? | back 25 2 ATP |
front 26 How many ATP are produced during the energy-conserving stage of glycolysis? | back 26 4 ATP; net 2 of ATP. |
front 27 How much NAD+ is used during glycolysis? | back 27 2 NAD+ |
front 28 How much NADH is produced during glycolysis? | back 28 2 NADH |
front 29 ATP-generating process in which molecules are oxidized and the final electron acceptor comes from outside the cell and is (almost always) an inorganic molecule. | back 29 Respiration |
front 30 What are the two types of respiration? | back 30 Aerobic and anaerobic. |
front 31 What is an essential feature of respiration? | back 31 The operation of an electron transport chain. |
front 32 In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into what? | back 32 Pyruvic acid |
front 33 What is produced during the Krebs cycle? | back 33 ATP, NADH, and FADH 2. |
front 34 What are the two most important products obtained during the Krebs cycle? | back 34 NADH and FADH 2 |
front 35 How much ATP is generated in anaerobic respiration? | back 35 It varies. |
front 36 How much ATP is produced during aerobic respiration? | back 36 As much as 38 ATP per glucose molecule. |
front 37 Which additional pathway can be taken to get to glycolysis, but does not require glycolysis? | back 37 Entner-Dourdoroff pathway |
front 38 How is energy produced in fermentation? | back 38 Glucose is oxidized to form two molecules of pyruvic acid. |
front 39 Where do chemoheterotrophs get their energy from? | back 39 Electrons from hydrogen atoms |
front 40 Where do photoautotrophs get their energy from? | back 40 Light |
front 41 Where do photoheterotrophs get their energy from? | back 41 Light. |
front 42 Where do chemoautotrophs get their energy from? | back 42 Electrons from reduced inorganic compounds |