front 1 Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by | back 1 extended use of antibiotics |
front 2 Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE? | back 2 the mortality rate is high |
front 3 Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT | back 3 shigella dysenteriae |
front 4 Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route? | back 4 mumps |
front 5 Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States? | back 5 ascaris lumbricoides |
front 6 Poultry products are a likely source of infection by | back 6 Salmonella enterica |
front 7 All of the following infections can result from drinking contaminated water EXCEPT | back 7 trichinellosis |
front 8 Which of the following organisms feeds on red blood cells? | back 8 Entamoeba histolytica |
front 9 In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting | back 9 cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat |
front 10 Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE? | back 10 It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. |
front 11 The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is | back 11 Escherichia coli. |
front 12 Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is probably caused by | back 12 rotavirus |
front 13 Which of the following is mismatched? | back 13 hydatid disease — humans are the definitive host |
front 14 Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT | back 14 staphylococcal food poisoning |
front 15 Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the | back 15 small and large intestine |
front 16 Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever | back 16 the incubation period is much longer. |
front 17 Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp? | back 17 Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
front 18 Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via undercooked pork and horse? | back 18 trichinella spiralis |
front 19 Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver? | back 19 hepatitis A virus |
front 20 "Rice water stools" are characteristic of | back 20 cholera |
front 21 Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by | back 21 contaminated food and water |
front 22 The most common mode of HAV transmission is | back 22 contamination of food during preparation. |
front 23 A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause? | back 23 vibrio vulnificus |
front 24 Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus | back 24 Campylobacter jejuni. |
front 25 Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever? | back 25 Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes. |
front 26 All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT | back 26 Clostridium perfringens |
front 27 Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it | back 27 possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl. |
front 28 All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT | back 28 Campylobacter. |
front 29 All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT | back 29 it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water. |
front 30 What is a Dane particle? | back 30 the infectious virion that causes HBV |
front 31 which of the following is mismatched | back 31 eggs - trichinella spiralis |
front 32 Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days). fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT | back 32 Giardia Lamblia |
front 33 In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be | back 33 microscopic examination of feces for oocysts. |
front 34 Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States | back 34 true |
front 35 Bacterial infections, but not intoxication can cause diarrhea | back 35 false |
front 36 an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurs in a pediatrics ward. rotavirus is most likely causative agent | back 36 true |
front 37 approximately 30% of the body's immune system is located in the intestinal tract. | back 37 false |
front 38 gastroenteritis due to ingestion of food contaminated with staph aureus is due to intoxication by enterotoxins | back 38 true |
front 39 EHEC is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and may result in the death of small children | back 39 false |
front 40 H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the pH of the immediate environment | back 40 true |
front 41 staphylococcal food poisoning | back 41 pathogen: ingesting an enterotoxin produced by S. aureus. often an inhabitant of the nasal passages. common foods are custards, cream pies, and hams symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea |
front 42 shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) | back 42 pathogen: shigella symptoms: tissue damage and dysentery. shiga toxin is responsible. Can cause 20 bowel movements in a day treatment: quinolones |
front 43 salmonellosis (salmonella gastroenteritis) | back 43 pathogen: salmonella enterica symptoms: nausea and diarrhea treatment: oral rehydration they replicate in macrophages. incubation time is about 12 to 36 hours. |
front 44 typhoid fever | back 44 pathogen: salmonella typhi symptoms: high fever treatment: quinolones, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol known as the 14 day fever. |
front 45 cholera | back 45 pathogen: vibrio cholerae symptoms: diarrhea with large water loss treatment: rehydration and doxycycline exotoxin cholera toxin. "rice water stools" |
front 46 Escherichia coli gastroenteritis | back 46 pathogen: EPEC, EIEC, ETEC symptoms: watery diarrhea treatment: oral rehydration |
front 47 campylobacter gastroenteritis | back 47 pathogen: campylobacter jejuni symptoms: fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea no treatment guilain-Barre syndrome: temporary paralysis |
front 48 clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis | back 48 pathogen: C. perfringens symptoms: diarrhea treatment: oral rehydration |
front 49 hepatitis A | back 49 pathogen: hepatitis A virus symptoms: anorexia, fever, headache, malaise, jaundice in most cases incubation time: 2-6 weeks treatment: immunoglobin, vaccine |
front 50 hepatitis B | back 50 pathogen: hepatitis B virus. double stranded DNA and enveloped. symptoms: similar to HAV, liver damage. presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The presence HBeAg means the virus is replicating vigorously treatment: vaccine |
front 51 amebic dysentery | back 51 pathogen: entamoeba histolytica symptoms: abscesses treatment: metronidazole |
front 52 tapeworms | back 52 pathogen: taenia saginata, T solium treatment: praziquantel, albendazole |
front 53 hydatid disease | back 53 pathogen: echinococcus granulosus symptoms: larvae forms in body treatment: surgery; albendazole |
front 54 hookworms | back 54 pathogen: necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale symptoms: large infections may result in anemia treatment: mebendazole |
front 55 whipworm | back 55 pathogen: trichuris trichuria symptoms: diarrhea, malnutrition treatment: albendazole, mebendazole can lead to anemia and malnutrition. |
front 56 Ascariasis | back 56 pathogen: ascaris lubricoides treatment: mebendazole |
front 57 trichinellosis | back 57 pathogen: trichinella spiralis symptoms: fever, eye swelling, upset GI treatment: mebendazole, corticosteroids |
front 58 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) | back 58 major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and fatal in infants. |
front 59 enteroinvasive E> coli (EIEC) | back 59 synonymous to shigella. inflammation, fever, and shigella dysentery |
front 60 enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) | back 60 found only in humans. bacteria cause a stacked-brick configuration on tissue culture cells. |
front 61 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) | back 61 shiga-like toxin . Most outbreaks are due to EHEC serotype O157:H7 |