front 1 What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A) help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys B) help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys C) help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys D) help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys | back 1 A) help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys |
front 2 Urine passes through the ________.
| back 2 B) pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra |
front 3 Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
| back 3 B) a vasa recta |
front 4 An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________. A) decrease in the production of ADH B) increase in the production of ADH C) increase in the production of aldosterone D) decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma | back 4 B) increase in the production of ADH |
front 5 Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery. B) Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas. C) Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure. D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase. | back 5 D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase |
front 6 The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated B) when the pH of the urine decreases C) by a decrease in the blood pressure D) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10 | back 6 C) by a decrease in the blood pressure |
front 7 Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?
| back 7 D) eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat |
front 8 The descending limb of the loop of Henle ________. A) is not permeable to water B) is freely permeable to sodium and urea C) pulls water by osmosis into the lumen of the tubule D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla | back 8 D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
front 9 The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
| back 9 B) arcuate |
front 10 The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.
| back 10 C) is drained by an efferent arteriole |
front 11 The descending limb of the loop of Henle ________. A) is not permeable to water | back 11 D) contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
front 12 The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________. A) ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate
efficiently | back 12 B) stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position |
front 13 Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery. B) Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas. C) Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure. D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase. | back 13 D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase |
front 14 The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.
| back 14 A) nephron |
front 15 The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for ________. A) the secretion of drugs | back 15 D) regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure |
front 16 The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________. A) the design and size of the podocytes | back 16 C) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) |
front 17 Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding)? A) the stretching of the bladder wall | back 17 A) the stretching of the bladder wall |
front 18 The filtration membrane includes all except ________. A) glomerular endothelium | back 18 C) renal fascia |
front 19 Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________. A) not Tm limited | back 19 C) hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments |
front 20 The macula densa cells respond to ________.
| back 20 D) changes in solute content of the filtrate |
front 21 Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
| back 21 D) creatinine |
front 22 The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.
| back 22 D) plasma protein |
front 23 The function of angiotensin II is to ________.
| back 23 A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure |
front 24 Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.
| back 24 D) 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4 |
front 25 What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal? A) Net filtration would increase above normal. | back 25 B) Net filtration would decrease. |
front 26 Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
| back 26 C) podocyte cells |
front 27 Which of the choices below is a function of the loop of Henle?
| back 27 B) form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine |
front 28 The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the ________.
| back 28 B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
front 29 If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean?
| back 29 C) Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed. |
front 30 Excretion of dilute urine requires ________.
| back 30 B) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water |
front 31 In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the ________. A) thin segment is freely permeable to water B) thick segment is permeable to water C) thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride D) thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption | back 31 D) thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption |
front 32 Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion?
| back 32 C) ridding the body of bicarbonate ions |
front 33 Which statement is correct?
| back 33 A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled. |
front 34 What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
| back 34 A) help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys |
front 35 Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?
| back 35 A) macula densa |
front 36 Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?
| back 36 A) ADH |
front 37 Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?
| back 37 C) electrolyte levels |
front 38 Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?
| back 38 C) macula densa cells |
front 39 What is the average normal pH of blood?
| back 39 C) 7.4 |
front 40 Which blood type is called the universal donor?
| back 40 D) O |
front 41 Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?
| back 41 D) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues |
front 42 Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
| back 42 D) maintenance of body temperature |
front 43 Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
| back 43 A) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells |
front 44 As red blood cells age ________.
| back 44 B) membranes ʺwear outʺ and the cells become damaged |
front 45 The most abundant plasma protein is ________.
| back 45 C) albumin |
front 46 When neither anti-A nor anti-B clots on a blood plate, the blood is type ________.
| back 46 D) O |
front 47 Which of these is not a normal plasma protein?
| back 47 C) thromboplastin |
front 48 No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.
| back 48 A) monocytes |
front 49 Place the following in correct developmental sequence:
| back 49 D) 2, 4, 3, 1 |
front 50 Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?
| back 50 B) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) |
front 51 Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
| back 51 A) They are nucleated. |
front 52 Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
| back 52 C) It is about 90% water. |
front 53 Platelets ________.
| back 53 A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break |
front 54 All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.
| back 54 A) vascular spasm |
front 55 What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
| back 55 A) Kidney |
front 56 which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
| back 56 A) pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast) |
front 57 Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
| back 57 A) fibrinolysis |
front 58 What is the average normal pH range for blood?
| back 58 A) 7.35 - 7.45 |
front 59 Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
| back 59 A) capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood |
front 60 Which of the following is true about veins?
| back 60 D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs. |
front 61 Peripheral resistance ________.
| back 61 C) increases as blood viscosity increases |
front 62 Blood flow to the skin ________.
| back 62 B) increases when environmental temperature rises |
front 63 Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
| back 63 A) tunica intima |
front 64 Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
| back 64 B) tunica media |
front 65 The hepatic portal vein ________.
| back 65 B) carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver |
front 66 Which statement is correct? A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled. | back 66 A) Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled. |
front 67 The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.
| back 67 C) arterioles |
front 68 Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.
| back 68 D) urinary output |
front 69 Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery. B) Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas. C) Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure. D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase. | back 69 D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase |
front 70 Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion? A) disposing of substances not already in the filtrate, such as certain drugs B) eliminating undesirable substances such as urea and uric acid that have been reabsorbed by passive processes C) ridding the body of bicarbonate ions D) ridding the body of excessive potassium ions | back 70 C) ridding the body of bicarbonate ions |
front 71 All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.
| back 71 A) vascular spasm |
front 72 Which statement best describes arteries?
| back 72 B) All carry blood away from the heart. |
front 73 Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
| back 73 D) capillaries |
front 74 The arteries that are also called muscular arteries are the ________.
| back 74 B) distributing arteries |
front 75 Aldosterone will _______.
| back 75 C) promote an increase in blood pressure |
front 76 The pulse pressure is ________.
| back 76 B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure |
front 77 Select the correct statement about cardiac output. B) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. C) If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. D) Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases. | back 77 A) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. |
front 78 Isovolumetric contraction ________.
| back 78 A) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers |
front 79 Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
| back 79 B) closure of the heart valves |
front 80 When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.
| back 80 B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls |
front 81 Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?
| back 81 B) pulmonary trunk |
front 82 Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?
| back 82 C) AV valve |