front 1 Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? | back 1 Anaphase |
front 2 Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle? | back 2 S phase |
front 3 What is the correct order of the events in mitosis | back 3 The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids lineup at the metaphase plate. The Kinetochore breaks apart and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. |
front 4 An organisms traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited...... | back 4 Genes |
front 5 Many of the negative regulator proteins of the cell cycle were discovered in what type of cells? | back 5 cancer cells |
front 6 Which negative regulatory molecule can trigger cell suicide (apoptosis) if vital cell cycle events do not occur? | back 6 p53 |
front 7 Which protein is a positive regulator that phosphorylates other proteins when activated? | back 7 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) |
front 8 If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of mitosis will be blocked? | back 8 anaphase |
front 9 What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the G2 checkpoint? | back 9 accurate and complete DNA replication |
front 10 At which of the cell cycle checkpoints do external forces have the greatest influence? | back 10 G1 checkpoint |
front 11 Which of the following events does not occur during some stages of interphase? | back 11 separation of sister chromatids |
front 12 The mitotic spindles arise from which cell structure? | back 12 centrosome |
front 13 Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the kinetochores is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? | back 13 prometaphase |
front 14 The chromosomes become visible under a light microscope during which stage of mitosis? | back 14 prophase |
front 15 The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells forms what structure? | back 15 cell plate |
front 16 stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other | back 16 anaphase |
front 17 ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells | back 17 cell cycle |
front 18 structure formed during plant cell cytokinesis by Golgi vesicles, forming a temporary structure (phragmoplast) and fusing at the metaphase plate; ultimately leads to the formation of cell walls that separate the two daughter cells | back 18 cell plate |
front 19 centriole | back 19 rod-like structure constructed of microtubules at the center of each animal cell centrosome |
front 20 constriction formed by an actin ring during cytokinesis in animal cells that leads to cytoplasmic division | back 20 cleavage furrow |
front 21 proteins that help sister chromatids coil during prophase | back 21 condensin |
front 22 distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide | back 22 G0 phase |
front 23 division of the cytoplasm following mitosis that forms two daughter cells. | back 23 cytokinesis |
front 24 (also, first gap) first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis | back 24 G1 phase |
front 25 (also, second gap) third phase of interphase during which the cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis | back 25 G2 phase |
front 26 period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases (the interim period between two consecutive cell divisions | back 26 interphase |
front 27 mitotic nuclear division | back 27 karyokinesis |
front 28 kinetochore | back 28 protein structure associated with the centromere of each sister chromatid that attracts and binds spindle microtubules during prometaphase |
front 29 metaphase plate | back 29 equatorial plane midway between the two poles of a cell where the chromosomes align during metaphase |
front 30 stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate | back 30 metaphase |
front 31 mitosis | back 31 (also, karyokinesis) period of the cell cycle during which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
front 32 period of the cell cycle during which duplicated chromosomes are distributed into two nuclei and cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes karyokinesis (mitosis) and cytokinesis | back 32 mitotic phase |
front 33 mitotic spindle | back 33 apparatus composed of microtubules that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
front 34 stage of mitosis during which the nuclear membrane breaks down and mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores | back 34 prometaphase |
front 35 prophase | back 35 stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form |
front 36 quiescent | back 36 refers to a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated preparations for cell division |
front 37 S phase | back 37 second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs |
front 38 stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by a new nuclear envelope | back 38 telophase |
front 39 A diploid cell has_______ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. | back 39 twice |
front 40 An organism’s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _____. | back 40 genes |
front 41 The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is maintained by which molecule? | back 41 histone |
front 42 Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at the centromere are called _____. | back 42 sister chromatids. |
front 43 ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division and the next | back 43 cell cycle |
front 44 region at which sister chromatids are bound together; a constricted area in condensed chromosomes | back 44 centromere |
front 45 single DNA molecule of two strands of duplicated DNA and associated proteins held together at the centromere | back 45 chromatid |
front 46 cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) | back 46 diploid |
front 47 haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm, pollen grain, or egg) | back 47 gamete |
front 48 physical and functional unit of heredity, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. | back 48 gene |
front 49 total genetic information of a cell or organism | back 49 genome |
front 50 cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n) | back 50 haploid |
front 51 one of several similar, highly conserved, low molecular weight, basic proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells; associates with DNA to form nucleosomes | back 51 histone |
front 52 homologous chromosomes | back 52 chromosomes of the same morphology with genes in the same location; diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs), with each homolog derived from a different parent |
front 53 locus | back 53 position of a gene on a chromosome |
front 54 subunit of chromatin composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins | back 54 nucleosome |
front 55 ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. | back 55 Gene mutations |
front 56 A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) _____. | back 56 proto-oncogene. |
front 57 A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is a(n) _____. | back 57 oncogene. |
front 58 Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor that is controlled by p53? | back 58 p21 |
front 59 mutated version of a normal gene involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle | back 59 oncogene |
front 60 proto-oncogene | back 60 normal gene that when mutated becomes an oncogene |
front 61 tumor suppressor gene | back 61 segment of DNA that codes for regulator proteins that prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division |
front 62 Which eukaryotic cell cycle event is missing in binary fission? | back 62 karyokinesis |
front 63 FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a _______ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells. | back 63 cell plate |