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Chapter 15: Sensation--LAST QUIZ

front 1 1) What is the main function of the rods in the eye? A) depth perception B) color vision C) vision in dim light D) accommodation for near vision	back 1 C) vision in dim light
front 2 2) What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? A) aqueous humor B) lens C) cornea D) iris	back 2 D) iris
front 3 3) Receptors for hearing are located in the ________. A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) tympanic membrane D) vestibule	back 3 A) cochlea
front 4 5) The oil component found in tears is produced by the ________. A) lacrimal glands B) ciliary gland C) conjunctiva D) tarsal glands	back 4 D) tarsal glands

front 5 6) The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________. A) semicircular canals B) macula C) utricle D) cochlear duct	back 5 B) macula
front 6 7) Farsightedness is more properly called ________. A) myopia B) hypopia C) hyperopia D) presbyopia	back 6 C) hyperopia
front 7 9) Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear? A) pinna B) external auditory meatus C) tympanic membrane D) pharyngotympanic tube	back 7 D) pharyngotympanic tube
front 8 10) Nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye ________. A) go to the superior colliculus only B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma C) divide at the chiasma, with some crossing and some not crossing D) cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma	back 8 D) cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma

front 9 11) Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________. A) is not a living tissue B) has no nerve supply C) has no blood supply D) does not contain connective tissue	back 9 C) has no blood supply
front 10 12) The oval window is connected directly to which passageway? A) scala vestibuli B) external auditory meatus C) pharyngotympanic tube D) scala tympani	back 10 A) scala vestibuli
front 11 13) There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves? A) bipolar cells B) ganglion cells C) cone cells D) rod cells	back 11 B) ganglion cells
front 12 14) The first ʺway stationʺ in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the ________. A) superior colliculi B) lateral geniculate body of the thalamus C) visual cortex D) temporal lobe	back 12 B) lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

front 13 15) As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), ________. A) outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane B) outer hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium C) inner hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane D) inner hair cells bend the cilia away from the kinocilium	back 13 A) outer hair cells stiffen the basilar membrane
front 14 16) Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors? A) In order for a chemical to be sensed, it must be hydrophobic. B) The receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli. C) Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes. D) All gustatory receptors have the same threshold for activation.	back 14 C) Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes.
front 15 17) Taste buds are not found ________. A) in fungiform papillae B) in filiform papillae C) in circumvallate papillae D) lining the buccal cavity	back 15 B) in filiform papillae
front 16 18) Select the correct statement about olfaction. A) Olfactory receptors have a high degree of specificity toward a single type of chemical. B) Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain. C) Substances must be volatile and hydrophobic in order to activate olfactory receptors. D) Olfactory adaptation is only due to fading of receptor cell response.	back 16 B) Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain.

front 17 19) Photoreceptors ________. A) replicate to replace damaged cells, in order to maintain normal vision B) package visual pigment in membrane-bound discs, which increases the efficiency of light trapping C) possess an inner segment, which is the receptor region D) called cones possess a short conical inner segment	back 17 B) package visual pigment in membrane-bound discs, which increases the efficiency of light trapping
front 18 20) Olfactory glands function to ________. A) produce olfactory cells B) assist in detection of odors C) produce Ca+ ions that are taken up by the olfactory receptor cells for their use D) secrete mucus	back 18 D) secrete mucus
front 19 21) U.S. employees must wear hearing protection at ________ dB or above. A) 100 B) 90 C) 80 D) 70	back 19 B) 90
front 20 22) The ciliary body does not ________. A) belong to the anterior chamber of the eye B) pull on the ciliary zonule C) secrete aqueous humor D) attach to the iris	back 20 A) belong to the anterior chamber of the eye

front 21 23) What is a modiolus? A) bone in the center of a semicircular canal B) bone around the cochlea C) a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea D) a bony area around the junction of the facial, vestibular, and cochlear nerves	back 21 C) a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea
front 22 24) Which statement about malnutrition-induced night blindness is most accurate? A) The most common cause is vitamin D deficiency. B) Vitamin supplements will reverse degenerative changes. C) Visual pigment content is reduced in both rods and cones. D) The impaired vision is caused by reduced cone function.	back 22 B) Vitamin supplements will reverse degenerative changes
front 23 25) Dark adaptation ________. A) is much faster than light adaptation B) results in inhibition of rod function C) involves improvement of acuity and color vision D) involves accumulation of rhodopsin	back 23 D) involves accumulation of rhodopsin
front 24 26) Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the ________. A) thalamus B) occipital lobe of the cortex C) chiasma D) superior colliculus	back 24 B) occipital lobe of the cortex

front 25 27) The optic radiations project to the ________. A) medial retina B) lateral geniculate body C) primary visual cortex D) optic chiasma	back 25 C) primary visual cortex
front 26 28) Visual inputs to the ________ serve to synchronize biorhythms with natural light and dark. A) pretectal nuclei B) lateral geniculate body C) superior colliculi D) suprachiasmatic nucleus	back 26 D) suprachiasmatic nucleus
front 27 29) Information from balance receptors goes directly to the ________. A) motor cortex B) visual cortex C) brain stem reflex centers D) back muscles	back 27 C) brain stem reflex centers
front 28 30) Motion sickness seems to ________. A) respond best to medication taken after salivation and pallor begins B) respond best to medication that ʺboostsʺ vestibular inputs C) result from activation of nausea centers in the brain stem D) result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs	back 28 D) result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs

front 29 31) In the uterus ________. A) the fetus cannot see and therefore visual cortical connections are not made B) the fetus can see only light and shadow, but not forms, so partial visual connections are made C) despite the fact that the fetus cannot see, functional visual cortical connections are established D) scanty visual connections are made that proliferate greatly during infancy	back 29 C) despite the fact that the fetus cannot see, functional visual cortical connections are established
front 30 32) Most newborns ________. A) are myopic B) often use only one eye at a time C) see in tones of red and green only D) cry with copious tears	back 30 B) often use only one eye at a time
front 31 33) The blind spot of the eye is ________. A) where more rods than cones are found B) where the macula lutea is located C) where only cones occur D) where the optic nerve leaves the eye	back 31 D) where the optic nerve leaves the eye
front 32 34) The first vestiges of eyes in the embryo are called ________. A) mesenchyme B) optic discs C) optic vesicles D) optic cups	back 32 C) optic vesicles

front 33 35) Which pairing of terms is incorrectly related? A) frequency: loudness B) quality: multiple frequencies C) frequency: pitch D) frequency: wavelength	back 33 A) frequency: loudness
front 34 36) Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________. A) substances in solution B) stretching of the receptor cells C) the movement of otoliths D) movement of a cupula	back 34 A) substances in solution
front 35 37) Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope? A) macula lutea B) optic chiasma C) fovea centralis D) optic disk	back 35 B) optic chiasma
front 36 38) The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the ________. A) rods and cones B) bipolar cells C) ganglion cells D) amacrine cells	back 36 C) ganglion cells

front 37 39) During dark adaptation ________. A) the sensitivity of the retina decreases B) the rate of rhodopsin breakdown is accelerated C) rhodopsin accumulates in the rods D) the cones are activated	back 37 C) rhodopsin accumulates in the rods
front 38 40) Tinnitis, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________. A) Ménièreʹs syndrome B) conjunctivitis C) strabismus D) motion sickness	back 38 A) Ménièreʹs syndrome
front 39 41) Which of the following is not a characteristic of olfactory receptor cells? A) They are ciliated. B) They are unipolar neurons. C) They are chemoreceptors. D) They have a short life span of about 60 days.	back 39 B) They are unipolar neurons.
front 40 42) An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________. A) spiral organ (of Corti) B) cupula C) scala media D) otoliths	back 40 D) otoliths

front 41 43) Which of the following is true about light and vision? A) Human photoreceptors respond to light in the 100-300 nm range. B) When we see the color of an object, all light is being absorbed by that object except for the color being experienced. C) Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that slows down as it enters a medium of relatively less density. D) The greater the incident angle of light striking a refractive surface, the less the amount of light bending.	back 41 B) When we see the color of an object, all light is being absorbed by that object except for the color being experienced.
front 42 44) The tarsal plate of the eyelid ________. A) is composed of connective tissue surrounding a thin cartilage plate B) is connected to the superior rectus muscle C) is connected to the levator palpebrae D) assists in the act of winking	back 42 C) is connected to the levator palpebrae
front 43 45) Which of the following is true about photoreceptors? A) Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision. B) In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis. C) Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green, and yellow. D) If all cones are stimulated equally, all colors are absorbed by the cones and the color perceived is black.	back 43 A) Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision.
front 44 46) Select the correct statement about equilibrium. A) The weight of the endolymph contained within the semicircular canals against the maculae is responsible for static equilibrium. B) Cristae respond to angular acceleration. C) Hair cells of both types of equilibrium hyperpolarize only, resulting in an increased rate of impulse transmission. D) Due to dynamic equilibrium, movement can be perceived if rotation of the body continues at a constant rate.	back 44 B) Cristae respond to angular acceleration.

front 45 47) The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the ________. A) lateral rectus B) superior oblique C) inferior oblique D) medial rectus	back 45 C) inferior oblique
front 46 48) The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are ________. A) basal cells B) gustatory hairs C) fungiform papillae D) taste buds	back 46 B) gustatory hairs
front 47 49) Light passes through the following structures in which order? A) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea B) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor C) cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor D) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor	back 47 B) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
front 48 50) Damage to the medial recti muscles would probably affect ________. A) refraction B) accommodation C) convergence D) pupil constriction	back 48 C) convergence

front 49 51) Which statement about sound localization is not true? A) It requires processing at the cortical level. B) It requires input from both ears. C) It uses time differences between sound reaching the two ears. D) It is difficult to discriminate sound sources in the midline.	back 49 A) It requires processing at the cortical level.
front 50 52) As sound intensity increases, we hear the sound as a louder sound at the same pitch. This suggests that ________. A) 540-Hz-receptive cells are particularly refractory B) cochlear cells that respond to the same pitch vary in responsiveness C) the timing of the cochlear vibrations encodes the pitch D) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are building up in the auditory cortex	back 50 B) cochlear cells that respond to the same pitch vary in responsiveness
front 51 53) Which of the following is not a possible cause of conduction deafness? A) impacted cerumen B) middle ear infection C) cochlear nerve degeneration D) otosclerosis	back 51 C) cochlear nerve degeneration
front 52 54) Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to ________. A) depth perception B) high-acuity vision C) night vision D) movement perception	back 52 C) night vision

front 53 55) ________ is a disorder of the olfactory nerves. A) Uncinate fits B) Anosmias C) Scotoma D) Otalgia	back 53 B) Anosmias
front 54 56) Visible light fits between ________. A) X rays and UV B) gamma rays and infrared C) microwaves and radio waves D) UV and infrared	back 54 D) UV and infrared
front 55 57) Ceruminous glands are ________. A) saliva glands found at the base of the tongue B) modified apocrine sweat glands C) glands found in the lateral corners of your eye D) modified taste buds	back 55 B) modified apocrine sweat glands
front 56 Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it? A) bitter- alkaloids B) salty- metal ions C) sour- acids D) sweet organic substances such as sugar and some lead salts E) umami- amino acids glutamate and lysine	back 56 E) umami- amino acids glutamate and lysine

front 57 Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the A) nose B) ears C) skin D) eye	back 57 D) eye
front 58 What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close? A) conjunctival fluid B) ciliary gland C) tarsal gland secretions D) lacrimal fluid	back 58 D) lacrimal fluid