front 1 What is the main purpose of negative feedback? | back 1 To reverse the effects of the original stimulus and change the homeostatic balance back to it's original or ideal value |
front 2 Where does the heart lie? | back 2 In the pericardial cavity |
front 3 Which cavities have spaces within the joints? | back 3 Synovial cavities |
front 4 What means toward or the back of the body? | back 4 dorsal |
front 5 What is parietal pleura? | back 5 Membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity |
front 6 Where are carbohydrates stored in? | back 6 The body converts carbohydrates into glucose, which is then stored in the muscles and liver |
front 7 When a chemical reaction bonds are broken what caused this? | back 7 Chemical bonds are broken by the energy that is released during the chemical reaction |
front 8 Which major positive ion is outside the cells? | back 8 sodium |
front 9 What is HCO3? | back 9 bicarbonate |
front 10 What is ATP molecules? | back 10 Adenosine triphosphate |
front 11 When a red blood cell is placed in water what happens? | back 11 The blood cell swells and bursts |
front 12 What is the function of plasma membrane? | back 12 Selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell |
front 13 Define meiosis? | back 13 Nuclear division process that reduces the chromosomal number by half and results in the formation of four haploid cells, occurs only in certain reproductive organs |
front 14 What processes does passive membrane transport do? | back 14 Passive transport does not require the cell to expend any energy and involves a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across a membrane. |
front 15 The tissue that has lacunae, calcium salts and blood vessels is? | back 15 Osseous tissue |
front 16 What is the blast cell for blood production? | back 16 hemocytoblasts |
front 17 Thyroid gland secrete their hormones into the blood because their ducts are classified as? | back 17 endocrine |
front 18 What is chondroblasts? | back 18 Immature cartilage cells |
front 19 What happens when edema occurs? | back 19 Edema is a swelling, usually of the legs, feet, and/or hands due to the accumulation of excessive fluid in the tissues. |
front 20 What happens during tissue repair? | back 20 Inflammation – trauma causes the release of inflammatory chemicals, Organization – clots and/or restores the blood supply, Regeneration – fibrous tissue grows beneath the scab |
front 21 Where are mesenchymal cells are mostly found? | back 21 mesenchymal are a type of stem cells, which are found in small quantities in bone marrow, fat, muscles, and the dental pulp of baby teeth. |
front 22 What is acne? | back 22 active inflammation of the sebaceous glands accompanied by pustules or cysts on the skin |
front 23 What is the most important risk for skin cancer? | back 23 Prolonged exposure to UV radiation |
front 24 What gland produces ear wax? | back 24 ceruminous glands |
front 25 The type of skin cancer that is scaly reddened papule that spread rapidly and metastasize is? | back 25 SCC – Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
front 26 What are fingerprints or ridges? | back 26 Friction ridge patterns that are genetically determined and unique to each individual |
front 27 What is yellow bone marrow and what does it contain? | back 27 Bone marrow that contains mostly fat cells and some white blood cells. It is located in the central cavities of long bones in adults |
front 28 What cell is responsible for the secretions of the matrix of bone? | back 28 Osteoblasts |
front 29 Where would the break be in the bone if the fracture is in the shaft of the bone? | back 29 diaphysis |
front 30 What is ossification of the ends of long bones? | back 30 Endochondral ossification |
front 31 In early childhood, what structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length? | back 31 The epiphyseal plates |
front 32 During infancy and childhood what single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity? | back 32 Growth hormones |
front 33 The resilience of bone is primarily due to what situation? | back 33 Bone remodeling |
front 34 The process of resorption of bones is due to which cell? | back 34 osteoclasts |
front 35 What is the name of the structural unit of spongy? | back 35 trabeculae |
front 36 Define osteogenesis? | back 36 The process of bone formation, also called ossification |
front 37 The largest portion of the coxal bone is formed by which bone? | back 37 Coxa – hip, the largest part of the hip bone is the ilium |
front 38 What membranous areas are between the cranial bones and fetal skull called? | back 38 fontanelles |
front 39 The axial skeleton consist of what parts of the body? | back 39 Head, neck and trunk of the body |
front 40 What function do the intervertebral discs do? | back 40 Located between the vertebrae, they act as shock absorbers during walking, jumping, and running. They also allow the spine to flex and extend, and to a lesser extent bend laterally. |
front 41 What is scoliosis? | back 41 "twisted disease" an abnormal rotation of the spine that results in a lateral curvature |
front 42 What is lordosis? | back 42 "swayback" an accentuated lumbar curvature |
front 43 What is the hyoid bone? | back 43 "U-shaped" - lies in the anterior neck just inferior to the mandible, the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with any other bone, a moveable base for the tongue, attachment points for the neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during swallowing and speech |
front 44 What does articular cartilage in the long bones do? | back 44 Covers the ends of most bones at movable joints |
front 45 What is bursae? | back 45 a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint |
front 46 Bending your head back as far as a person can is called - | back 46 hyperextension |
front 47 What is hyaluronic acid? | back 47 Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid |
front 48 What is menisci? | back 48 Articular discs – discs or wedges if fibrocartilage separating the articular surfaces, they partially or completely divide the synovial cavity into two |
front 49 Moving a limb away from the median plane of the body is known as? | back 49 abduction |
front 50 Inversion and eversion pertains to what body part? | back 50 Movements of the foot |
front 51 What is the role of calcium ions during the contraction of a muscle? | back 51 no data |
front 52 The sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors, what part is in the sarcolemma? | back 52 Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane surrounding each muscle fiber. |
front 53 Cardiac muscle fibers depend mostly on what to generate ATP? | back 53 Anaerobic cellular respiration |
front 54 What is the most powerful muscle in the body? | back 54 Quadriceps Femoris |
front 55 Infants receive injections in what intramuscular site | back 55 Quadriceps Lateralis |
front 56 What is an axon? | back 56 the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells |
front 57 What role does acetylcholinesterase play? | back 57 It breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) into its building blocks, acetic acid and choline, which prevents continued muscle fiber contraction |
front 58 What neurotransmitter helps pain that is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? | back 58 Endorphins |
front 59 The stem of the brain consist of what parts? | back 59 Midbrain, pons, and the medulla |
front 60 How is the cerebrum described as? | back 60 The cerebral hemispheres, including the cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei. |
front 61 T1 and L1 when transected in the spinal cord will cause the patient what condition? | back 61 Transection at T1 would cause paraplegia of the legs and loss of function in the chest and below, Transection at L1 would cause paraplegia to legs and pelvis area. |
front 62 What is the broca’s area? | back 62 An area in the left hemisphere of the brain that is involved in planning to speak and actual speech production |
front 63 What is REM sleep associated with? | back 63 Sleep cycle -Rapid and random eye movement, low muscle tone and vivid dreams |
front 64 Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic divisions include what? | back 64 The SNS constricts visceral and cutaneous blood vessels, sending more blood to the muscles and heart. |
front 65 What nerve is compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome? | back 65 The median nerve |
front 66 The resting and digesting of the autonomic nervous system is known as? | back 66 Parasympathetic Division |
front 67 What results do we see with the parasympathetic stimulation? | back 67 Blood pressure and heart rate are maintained at low normal levels, and the gastrointestinal tract is actively digesting food |
front 68 Sympathetic divisions’ stimulation causes what to happen to the body? | back 68 When we are excited or find ourselves in emergency or threatening situations, the sympathetic division causes our bodies to going into Fight or Flight – diverts blood from gastro to muscles and heart, dilates bronchioles for increased air flow, stimulates the liver to make more glucose for energy needs |
front 69 Parasympathetic functions include what to happen to the body? | back 69 Keeps body energy use as low as possible as it directs vital “house-keeping” activities like digesting food and eliminating feces and urine |
front 70 The cones of the eye have a main function, what is this? | back 70 vision receptors for bright light and provide high resolution color vision |
front 71 What does the iris do? | back 71 The iris acts as a reflexively activated diaphragm to vary the amount of light that passes through the pupil |
front 72 What is the cochlea? | back 72 Snail shaped organ of the ear that is the sensory receptor for hearing |
front 73 What is myopia? | back 73 Nearsightedness – people can see close objects without problems, distant objects are blurred – distant objects focus in front of the retina rather than on it – eyeball is too long |
front 74 What is the pinna? | back 74 The auricle – the outer shell shaped part of the ear |
front 75 What is the blind spot of the eye? | back 75 The optic disc because it lacks photoreceptors |