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125 notecards = 32 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

antimicrobial drugs

front 1

isoniazid is a particular value

back 1

for treating tuberculosis

front 2

the two major drawbacks to the use of penicillin are

back 2

allergic reactions and development of drug-resistant bacteria

front 3

a common feature of bacitracin and polymyxin B is that both antibiotics

back 3

are produced by bacillus species

front 4

both the cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotic

back 4

act on the cell wall of bacteria

front 5

chloroquine, primaquine, and quinine are of value for the treatment of

back 5

cases of malaria

front 6

the tubercle bacillus is usually susceptible to

back 6

streptomycin but not penicillin

front 7

the Kirby-Bauer test is useful for determining

back 7

which antibiotic may be employed to treat an infection

front 8

cephalosporin antibiotics may be used

back 8

as alternatives to penicillin

front 9

all aminoglycoside antibiotics function by

back 9

attaching irreversibility to bacterial ribosomes

front 10

the range of activity of tetracycline antibiotics

back 10

includes viruses, protozoa, and fungi

front 11

flucytosine, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole typify the

back 11

antifungal antibiotics

front 12

pseudomembranous colitis is a condition of the intestine that may be related to

back 12

overuse of lincomycin and clindamycin

front 13

carbenicillin and methicillin should not be used to treat disease if

back 13

a person has penicillin allergy

front 14

In competitive inhibition, sulfanilamide is used by a bacterium in an aborted attempt to

back 14

form folic acid

front 15

the beta lactam nucleus is the basic structure of the

back 15

penicillin

front 16

first generationo cephalosporins must be injected because

back 16

they have variable absorption in the GI tract

front 17

ampicillin is preferable to penicillin because it

back 17

is absorbed more easily from the intestine when taken orally

front 18

cephalosporins act by

back 18

interfering with cell-wall biosynthesis

front 19

a physician has determined that he must prescribe chloramphenicol to treat an infection. He should

back 19

monitor for development of aplastic anemia

front 20

tetracycline antibiotics interfere with

back 20

protein synthesis

front 21

penicillin is most effective against

back 21

log phase gram positive bacteria

front 22

carbenicillin is best classified as a

back 22

semisynthetic antibiotic

front 23

chloramphenicol

back 23

interferes with protein synthesis in microorganisms

front 24

MRSA is resistant to

back 24

methicillin

front 25

both vancomycin and rifampin interfere with aspects of folic acid metabolism in bacteria that cause urinary tract infections

back 25

false

front 26

penicillinase-producing bacteria convert penicillin to penicilloic acid, which has no effect on the bacterial cell wall

back 26

true

front 27

aplastic anemia, which is related to chloramphenicol therapy, arises from activity in the bone marrow that prevents hemoglobin incorporation into red blood cells

back 27

true

front 28

pseudomembranous colitis, a side effect of clindamycin and linconmycin therapy, is accompanied by membranous lesions on the intestinal wall

back 28

true

front 29

the antituberculosis drug isoniazid presumably interferes with cell wall synthesis in Mycobacterium by inhibiting production of sulfanic acid

back 29

false

front 30

antibiotic abuse encourages the emergence of resistant species of microorganisms

back 30

true

front 31

penicillin antibiotics are used primarily against gram-positive bacteria, but in high concentrations they are also inhibitory to gram-negative bacteria

back 31

true

front 32

most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against

back 32

bacteria

front 33

in what way are semisynthetic penicillin and natural penicillin alike

back 33

both are based on lactam

front 34

which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against systemic fungal infections

back 34

amphotericin B

front 35

which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis

back 35

macrolides

front 36

the antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are

back 36

tetracyclines

front 37

protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because

back 37

their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells

front 38

niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against

back 38

helminths

front 39

which of the following does NOT affect eukaryotic cells

back 39

semisynthetic penicillins

front 40

a major side effect of chloramphenicol therapy is yellowish staining teeth

back 40

false

front 41

antibiotic penicillin is used primarily against gram-negative bacteria

back 41

false

front 42

two major side effects of the use of amoxicillin are the loss of hearing and nephrotoxicity

back 42

false

front 43

chloroquine and quinine are the drugs of choices for the treatment of fungal disease

back 43

false

front 44

isoniazid is of particular value for treating tuberculous bacterial infections

back 44

true

front 45

the range of activity of tetracycline includes gram positive and negative bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma and chlamydial infections

back 45

true

front 46

photosensitivity is one of the side effects of the tetracycline drug

back 46

true

front 47

athlete foot can be treated with bacitracin

back 47

false

front 48

Nalidixic acid is a type of fluoroquinolone which inhibits the DNA replications. The drug is effective against urinary tract infections

back 48

true

front 49

clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor

back 49

true

front 50

a drug such as clotrimazole, would be more effective against

back 50

fungal infections

front 51

the antimicrobial drug with the broadest spectrum of activity is

back 51

tetracycline

front 52

protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because

back 52

their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells

front 53

niclosamide drug is effective against

back 53

tapeworm infections

front 54

the tubercle bacillus is usually effective against

back 54

mycobacteria

front 55

the Kirby-Bauer test is useful for determining

back 55

the activity of antimicrobials

front 56

mebendazole is effective against

back 56

parasites

front 57

erythromycin antibiotics may be used when person is allergic to which antibiotic

back 57

penicillin

front 58

miconazole and ketoconazole typify the

back 58

anti-fungal

front 59

ciprofloxacin is a type of

back 59

fluoroquinolone

front 60

in competitive inhibition, sulfanilamide is used by a bacterium in an aborted attempt to

back 60

form folic acid

front 61

cephalosporins act by

back 61

interfering with cell wall biosynthesis

front 62

MRSA is resistant to which group of antibiotic

back 62

methicillin

front 63

carbenicillin is best classified as

back 63

semisynthetic antibiotic

front 64

which antibiotics work by inhibiting the process of translation by interfering with 50s ribosomes and inhibiting formation of peptide bond

back 64

chloramphenicol

front 65

which antibiotics inhibits the DNA replication and transcription processes

back 65

fluoroquinolones

front 66

oral penicillin

back 66

penicillin V

front 67

metronidazole

back 67

antiprotozoan drug

interfere with anaerobic metabolism

front 68

ribavirin

back 68

interferes with RNA metabolism

front 69

cloxacillin

back 69

interferes with the last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis

front 70

vancomycin

back 70

inhibits the second stage of cell wall synthesis

front 71

penicillin V

back 71

acts against gram-positive bacteria

front 72

fluconazole

back 72

inhibits fungal activity

front 73

ethambutol

back 73

inhibits cell wall synthesis

front 74

oxacillin

back 74

inhibits cell wall synthesis

front 75

azithromycin

back 75

inhibits protein synthesis

front 76

tetracycline

back 76

inhibits protein synthesis

front 77

aminoglycoside

back 77

protein synthesis inhibitor

front 78

doxycycline

back 78

protein synthesis inhibitor

acne treatment

front 79

neomycin

back 79

protein synthesis inhibitor

front 80

acyclovir

back 80

inhibits DNA or RNA synthesis

front 81

when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone, it is called

back 81

synergism

front 82

which antibiotic is most likely to cause bone marrow suppression in children

back 82

chloramphenicol

front 83

which antibiotic can be used for anaerobic clostridium prefringens infection

back 83

metronidazole

front 84

narrow spectrum of microbial activity

back 84

range of different microbial types of affect

front 85

broad spectrum antibiotics

back 85

antibiotics that affect a broad range of gram positive or gram negative bacteria

front 86

bacillus subtills

back 86

bacitracin

front 87

saccharopolispora erythraea

back 87

erythromycin

front 88

streptomyces griseus

back 88

streptomycin

front 89

superinfection

back 89

overgrowth of a target pathogen that has developed resistance to the antibiotic

front 90

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

back 90

penicillin, cephalosporins, bacitracin vancomycin

front 91

inhibition of protein synthesis

back 91

chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin

front 92

inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription

back 92

quinolones, rifampin

front 93

injury to plasma membrane

back 93

polymyxin B

front 94

inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis

back 94

sulfanilamide, trimethoprim

front 95

what is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic

back 95

bactericidal kills microbes while nacteriostatic prevent microbes from growing

front 96

chloramphenicol

back 96

binds to 50s portion and inhibits formation of peptide bond

front 97

tetracyclines

back 97

interfere with attachment of tRNA and mRNA

broad spectrum drug

causes rickettsia

yellow staining teeth and photosensitivity

front 98

streptomycin

back 98

changes shape of 30s portion, causing code on mRNA to be read incorrectly p

front 99

penicillin G

back 99

requires injection

against gram positive bacteria

front 100

Beta lactam ring

back 100

all penicillins contain this portion

front 101

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

back 101

bacteria resistant to methicillin

front 102

penicillin plus Beta-Lactamase inhinitors

back 102

clavulanic acid

front 103

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

back 103

augmentin

front 104

carbapenems

back 104

B-lactam antibiotics that substitute carbon atom for sulfur atom and added a bond to the penicillin nucleus.

front 105

bacitracin

back 105

effective against gram positive bacteria such as staphyloccoci and streptococci

front 106

vancomycin resistant staphyloccocus aureus

back 106

resistant to vancomycin

front 107

isoniazid (INH)

back 107

antimycobacterial antibiotic

very effective against tuberculosis

primary effect is to inhibit synthesis of mycolic acid

front 108

ethambutol

back 108

antimycobacterial antibiotic

effective only against mycobacteria

front 109

actions of the antibacterial synthetics trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

back 109

front 110

what were the first penicillins

back 110

aminopenicilllins such as ampicillin and amoxicillin

front 111

streptomycin

back 111

ototoxic

causes deafness

front 112

gentamycin

back 112

nephrotoxic

causes kidney failure

front 113

macrolides

back 113

erythromycin (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

front 114

steven johnson syndrome

back 114

disorder of the skin and mucous

front 115

penicillinase-resistant penicilin

back 115

oxacillin

cloxacillin

azlocillin

ticarcillin

methicillin

front 116

3 antibiotics in first aid ointment

back 116

neomycin

bacitracin

polymixin B s

front 117

streptomycin

gentacin

tobramycin

back 117

anti TB drugs

front 118

lincomycin

back 118

kills both harmful and friendly bacteria

front 119

C. difficile

back 119

anaerobic infection metronidazole

front 120

fluoroquinolones

back 120

UTI infection

negram

front 121

antifungal

back 121

have -ole suffixes

tinidazole

miconazole

clotrimazole

ketoconazole

front 122

antiviral

back 122

-vir suffix

famciclovir

acyclovir

ganciclovir

front 123

antiprotozoal

back 123

metronidazole

chloroquine

primaquine

quinine

front 124

anithelminth

back 124

flatworms - platyhelminths - niclosamide

round worms - nermathelminths

albendazole

mebendazole

front 125

anti TB drugs

back 125

pyrazinamie (PZA)

streptomycin

isoniazid (INH)

rifampicin

ethambutol