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71 notecards = 18 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The control of microbial growth

front 1

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions

back 1

membrane filtration

front 2

which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death

back 2

the cells in a population die at a constant rate

front 3

which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs

back 3

chlorhexidine

front 4

which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched

back 4

bateriostatic -- kills vegetative bacterial cells

front 5

the antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following

back 5

the formation of hypochlorous acid

front 6

which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is false

back 6

alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids

front 7

which of the following does not achieve sterilization

back 7

pasteurization

front 8

which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave

back 8

it cannot be used with heat-labile materials

front 9

an agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called

back 9

disinfectant

front 10

application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following except

back 10

decreased thermal death time

front 11

which of the following disinfectant acts by disrupting the plasma membrane

back 11

bisphenols

front 12

all of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses except

back 12

alcohol

front 13

which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes

back 13

freezing

front 14

which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide

back 14

70%

front 15

all of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections except

back 15

all of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection

some bacteria metabolize disinfectants

gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectant

invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria

bacterial may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash `w

front 16

which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth

back 16

they are equivalent treatments

front 17

which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic petri plates in a plastic wrapper

back 17

gamma radiation

front 18

In figure 7.1 what is the thermal death time

back 18

60 minutes

front 19

In figure 7.1 the thermal death point for this culture is

back 19

answer cannot be determined

front 20

in figure 7.1 the decimal reduction time (D value) for the culture, which is defined as the time to reduce a population by one log, is approximately

back 20

10 minutes

front 21

which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids

back 21

heat, radiation, and some chemicals

front 22

in table 7.1 which compound was the most effective against staphylococcus

back 22

C

front 23

in table 7.1 which compound was bactericidal

back 23

answer cannot be determined

front 24

all of the following substances are used to preserve foods except

back 24

biguanides

front 25

all of the following are effective for destroying prions except

back 25

boiling

front 26

all of the following are methods of food preservation except

back 26

microwaves

front 27

which of the following is most resistant to chemical biocides

back 27

gram-negative bacteria

front 28

the thermal death time is the time needed to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a certain temperature

back 28

true

front 29

pseudomonas has been found growing in quarternary ammonium compounds

back 29

true

front 30

moist heat destroys organisms by denaturing proteins

back 30

true

front 31

some antimicrobial chemicals are considered to be disinfectants and antiseptics

back 31

true

front 32

the pH of the medium has no effect on the activity of the disinfectant being applied

back 32

false

front 33

autoclaving is the most effective method of moist heat sterilization

back 33

true

front 34

microorganism placed in high concentrations of salts and sugars undergo lysis

back 34

false

front 35

sterilization

back 35

removal or destruction of all microorganism

front 36

sterilant

back 36

sterilizing agent

front 37

commercial sterilization

back 37

limited heat treatment

front 38

disinfectant

back 38

control directed at destroying harmful microorganisms

front 39

antisepsis

back 39

when treatment is directed at living tissue

front 40

degerming

back 40

when the skin is swabbed with alcohol before vaccination

front 41

sanitization

back 41

intended to lower microbial counts

front 42

biocide/gemicide

back 42

kills microorganisms

front 43

sepsis

back 43

bacterial contamination

front 44

what is the rate of microbial death

back 44

the number of microbes

environmental influences

time of exposure

microbial characterisitics

front 45

What is thermal death point

back 45

the lowest temperature at which all the microorganisms in a particular liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes

front 46

What is thermal death time

back 46

the minimal length of time for all bacteria in a particular liquid culture to be killed at a given temperature

front 47

what is decimal reduction time

back 47

time in which 90% of a population of bacteria at a given temperature will be killed

front 48

how does moist heat kill microorganisms

back 48

by coagulating proteins

front 49

what is an autoclave

back 49

preferred method of sterilization in health care environments

front 50

what are retorts

back 50

large industrial autoclaves

front 51

pressure and temperature in an autoclave

back 51

higher the temperature (121oC), the higher the pressure (150lbs/psi)

front 52

pasteurization

back 52

elimination of pathogenic microbes

front 53

thermoduric

back 53

heat-resistant bacteria

front 54

high temperature short-time pasteurization

back 54

most milk pasteurization uses temperature of 72oC but for only 15 secs

also lower bacterial counts

front 55

utlra-high-temperature treatments

back 55

method of treating foods with high temperature for short times

front 56

equivalent treatments

back 56

as temperature rises, less time is needed to kill same number of microbes

front 57

hot air sterilization

back 57

items are placed in an oven for longer period, higher temperature is required

front 58

filtration

back 58

passage of a liquid/gas through a screenlike material with pores small enough to retain microorganisms

front 59

high-effeciency particulate are filters

back 59

remove almost all microorganisms larger than about 0.3um in diameter

front 60

phenol

back 60

phenol was used to control surgical infections in the operation room.

front 61

phenolics

back 61

derivative of phenol, contains a molecule of phenol that is chemically altered to reduce its irritation qualities and increase antibacterial activity

front 62

cresols

back 62

most frequently used phenolics

front 63

bisphenol

back 63

contain 2 phenolic groups, hexachlorophenes and triclosan

front 64

hexachlorophenes

back 64

is an ingredient of a prescription lotion, pHisoHex, used for surgical and hospital microbial control procedure

front 65

triclosan

back 65

is an antibacterial soap

front 66

what forms when chlorine is combined with water

back 66

hypochlorous acid

Cl2 + H2O <-> H+ + Cl- + HOCl

front 67

quaternary ammonium compounds

back 67

most used surface active agents

front 68

what is sodium hypochlorite used as

back 68

a household disinfectant and bleach

front 69

what is potassium sorbate and benzoate used for

back 69

to prevent molds from growing on acidic foods

front 70

what is calcium propionate used for

back 70

it is an effective fungistat used in bread

front 71

evaluation of disinfectants by the disk-dilution method

back 71