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Muscles of the Forearm and Hand

front 1 The anterior forearm is the _________ side.	back 1 flexor
front 2 The _______ forearm is the extensor side	back 2 posterior
front 3 If the tendon of a muscle attaches towards the thumb, it will have ______ in the name and will at least ________ the wrist	back 3 radialis; abduct
front 4 If the tendon of a muscle attaches toward the __________, it will have ulnaris in the name and will at least _______ the wrist	back 4 pinky; adduct

front 5 If the tendon of a muscle attaches to the thumb, it will have _______ in its name	back 5 pollicis
front 6 If the tendons of a muscle attach to digits 2-5, the muscle will have _____ in its name	back 6 digitorum
front 7 How are the muscles of the arm organized?	back 7 There is an anterior and posterior compartment. Each compartment has superficial and deep groups of muscles
front 8 How many muscles total are in the anterior forearm?	back 8 Eight

front 9 How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?	back 9 Five
front 10 How many muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?	back 10 Three
front 11 Name the muscles of the superficial anterior forearm	back 11 Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ularis, and flexor digitorum superficialis
front 12 Which is the deepest muscle of the superficial forearm muscles?	back 12 flexor digitorum superficialis

front 13 O A I INN of pronator teres	back 13 O ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus I lateral surface of radius A pronates the forearm, flex the elbow Inn median n
front 14 O A I INN of flexor carpi radialis	back 14 O medial epicondyle of humerus I base of second metacarpal A flexes the wrist, abducts the wrist Inn median n
front 15 O A I INN of palmaris longus?	back 15 O medial epicondyle of humerus I palmar aponeurosis and distal half of flexor retinaculum A flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis Inn median n
front 16 O A I INN of flexor carpi ulnaris longus	back 16 O olecranon and posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis I pisiform, hook of hamate, and fifth metacarpal A flexes write, adducts wrist Inn ulnar n

front 17 What are the four MOST superficial anterior forearm muscles, from lateral to medial	back 17 pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
front 18 O I A INN of flexor digitorum superficialis	back 18 O medial epicondyle I middle phalanges 2-5 A flexes digits 2-5 Inn median n
front 19 Which nerve innervates all superficial anterior forearm muscles except one? What is the exception and what is it innervated by?	back 19 median n; flexor carpi ulnaris; ulnar n flexor carpi ulnaris is most medial muscle of this group
front 20 Which muscle of the superficial anterior forearm is innervated by the ulnar nerve?	back 20 flexor carpi ulnaris longus

front 21 O I A INN of flexor digitorum superficialis	back 21 O humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna radial head: oblique line of radius I middle phalanges 2-5 A flex wrist, flex pip joints of digit 2-5 and flexes MTP joints Inn median n
front 22 What are the three deep anterior forearm muscles?	back 22 flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
front 23 Describe the innervations of the deep anterior forearm muscles	back 23 all innervated by median n. half of flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar n
front 24 O I A Inn of flexor digitorum profundus	back 24 O anterior proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseus membrane I distal phalanges 2-5 A flexes digits 2-5 at DIP joints ; flexes wrist Inn to digits 2 and 3: median nerve (anterior interosseous branch) to digits 4 and 5 ulnar nerve

front 25 O I A Inn of flexor pollicis longus	back 25 O The middle 2/4 of the anterior surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. IThe base of the distal phalanx of the thumb A flex pollux at MTP and IP joints; flex wrist Inn anterior interosseous nerve from median n
front 26 O I A INN of pronator quadratus	back 26 O distal anterior ulna I distal anterior radius A pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together Inn anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve
front 27 Muscles found within the posterior forearm compartment are responsible for _______.	back 27 extension of the fingers
front 28 Which of these muscles is an intrinsic hand muscle that moves the thumb (i.e. the first digit)? Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor digiti minimi Flexor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Abductor digiti minimi	back 28 flexor pollicis brevis

front 29 What anterior forearm muscle typically has a dual innervation?	back 29 flexor digitorum profundus
front 30 What structures pass through the carpal tunnel>	back 30 four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of flexor pollicis longus median n
front 31 The __________ muscle is absent on one or both sides in about 14% of people.	back 31 palmaris longus
front 32 Abduction of the thumb is when the thumb is moved __________. (Note: Remember to start from the anatomical position.)	back 32 anteriorly

front 33 What nerve innervates all posterior forearm muscles?	back 33 radial n
front 34 what are the main functions of the posterior forearm muscles?	back 34 supinate the forearm and extend the wrist and digits
front 35 name the seven superficial posterior forearm muscles	back 35 brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris anconeus
front 36 where do all superficial posterior forearm muscles originate on or near?	back 36 lateral epicondyle of the humerus

front 37 O I A INN of brachioradialis?	back 37 O proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus I lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process A flexion of elbow when forearm is in midpronated position; supination and pronation Inn radial nerve
front 38 which muscle is nicknamed the drinking muscle because it flexes elbow when hand is in netural position, as if holding a mug>	back 38 brachioradialis
front 39 does brachioradialis cross anterior or posterior to elbow joint?	back 39 anterior
front 40 O I A INN of extensor carpi radialis longus?	back 40 lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus dorsal aspect of base of second metacarpal. extend wrist abduct wrist radial n

front 41 O I A INN of extensor carpi radialis brevis?	back 41 O lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin) I dorsal aspect of base of third metacarpal A extend and abduct wrist joint during fist clenching INN deep branch of radial nerve
front 42 O I A INN of extensor digitorum	back 42 lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin) extensor expansions of medial four fingers extends digits 2-5 at MTP and IP joints; extends wrist posterior interosseous nerve, continuation of deep branch of radial n
front 43 O I A Inn extensor digiti minimi	back 43 O lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin) I extensor expansion of fifth digit A extends wrist joint; extends fifth digit ant MTP and IP joints INN posterior interosseous nerve (continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)
front 44 O I A Inn extensor carpi ulnaris	back 44 lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis dorsal aspect of base of fifth metacarpal extends wrist and adducts wrist posterior interosseous nerve, continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

front 45 A I anconeus	back 45 extend elbow radial n
front 46 Name the five deep posterior forearm muscles	back 46 supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
front 47 Where do the deep posterior muscles of the forearm originate?	back 47 interosseus membrane, radius, or ulna
front 48 O I A INN of supinator	back 48 O lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna I lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius A supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly if elbow is flexed Inn deep branch of radial nerve

front 49 O I A INN of abductor pollicis longus	back 49 O posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrance I base of first metacarpal A extends wrist; abducts and extends thumb Inn posterior interosseous nerve - continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
front 50 O I A INN of extensor pollicis brevis	back 50 posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb extends wrist and extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MTP joint and extends carpometacarpal joint Inn posterior interosseous nerve (continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)
front 51 O I A INN of extensor pollicis longus	back 51 O posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane I dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb A extends wrist; distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint. extends metacarpophalangeal joints and carpometacarpal joints Inn posterior interosseous nerve continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
front 52 O I A INN of extensor indices	back 52 O posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane A extensor expansion of second finger I posterior interosseous nerve A extends wrist joint; extends index finger (helping independent extension)

front 53 How many total intrinsic hand muscles are there?	back 53 twenty
front 54 How many intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by ulnar n and how many by median n?	back 54 five by median nerve and fifteen by ulnar n
front 55 what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?	back 55 muscles of the thenar eminance (3) msucles of the hypothenar eminance (3) lumbricals (4) adductor pollicis m palmar and dorsal interosseus muscles (8) palamris brevis
front 56 Name the hypothenar eminance muscles	back 56 abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi

front 57 Name the thenar eminence muscles	back 57 Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollcis brevis
front 58 O I A INN of abductor digiti minimi	back 58 O pisiform I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger A abducts fifth finger and assists in flexion of proximal phalanx\ Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 59 mnemonic for remembering which hand muscles are innervated by the median n	back 59 FOAL flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis lateral two lumbricals all pollicis, more lateral
front 60 O I A Inn of flexor digiti minimi brevis	back 60 O hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit A flexes proximal phalanx of fifth digit Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 61 O I A INN of opponens digiti minimi	back 61 O hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum I medial border of fifth metacarpal A draws fifth metacarpal anterior and rotates it for opposition with thumb Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 62 O I A Inn of abductor pollicis brevis	back 62 O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium I lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb A abducts thumb and helps with opposition Inn recurrent branch of median nerve
front 63 O I A Inn of flexor pollicis brevis	back 63 O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium I lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb A flexes thumb Inn superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve deep head: deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 64 Opponens pollicis O I A INN	back 64 O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium I lateral side of first metacarpal recurrent branch of median nerve draws first metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially (opposition)

front 65 lumbricals one and two are innervated by the _________; lumbricals 3 and 4 are innervated by the ________	back 65 median n; deep branch of ulnar n
front 66 what are the actions of the lumbricals?	back 66 flex at the metacarpal phalangeal joint and extend at the interphalangeal joint
front 67 O I A INN of adductor pollicis?	back 67 O oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals transverse head: anterior surface of shaft of third metacarpal I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb A adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 68 How many palmar interosseus muslces are there?	back 68 three

front 69 O I A and Inn of palmar interosseus muscles?	back 69 O palmar surfaces of second, fourth and fifth metacarpals (unipennate) I bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd fourth and fifth fingers A adduct 2nd fourth and fifth digits; assist lumbricals Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 70 how many dorsal interossei are there?	back 70 four
front 71 O I action and INN of dorsal interossei	back 71 O adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate) I bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th fingers A abduct 2nd through 4th fingers from axial line; assist lumbricals Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve
front 72 O I A Inn of palmaris brevis	back 72 O Flexor retinaculum (medial) and palmar aponeurosis I palm A wrinkles skin Inn superficial branch of ulnar nerve

front 73

Origin and insertion of lumbricals one and two?

Origin and insertion of lumbricals three and four?

back 73

O 1 & 2 - lateral two tendons of of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)

O 3 & 4 - medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)

Common insertion - lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd through 5th fingers

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Muscles of the Forearm and Hand