front 1 Name the organisms in the Excavata clade. | back 1 Diplomonada Parabasilida Kinetoplastida Euglenophyta |
front 2 Name all of the Stramenopilia ( SAR Clade). | back 2 Diatoms Golden Algae Brown Algae Water molds Coccolithophores Heliozoans |
front 3 Name the Alveolates. | back 3 Dinoflagella Apicomplexa Ciliophora |
front 4 Name the Rhizarians | back 4 Radiolaria Foraminifera Cerozoa |
front 5 Name the Archaeplastida. | back 5 Red Algae Green Algae (Chlorophyta) Green Algae (Charophyta) Plantae |
front 6 Name the Unikonta. | back 6 Amoebozoa Nucleariida Fungi Choanoflagellata Animalia |
front 7 Define Endosymbiosis. | back 7 “Living with each other on the inside”, believed that Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes engulfing other cells and becoming one – symbiotic relationship |
front 8 Why can't Mitochondria be free living? | back 8 Over many years some of their DNA has been laterally transferred to the nucleus of their host cell. |
front 9 What are Cyanobacteria? | back 9 Photosynthetic bacteria |
front 10 How did plants originate from cyanobacteria? | back 10 They were engulfed by another cell and their chloroplasts remained, later forming plants |
front 11 Who and when were protists named? | back 11 Ernst Haeckel 1866 |
front 12 Which protist causes malaria? | back 12 Plasmodium ( an apicomplexa, part of the alveolate clade) |
front 13 What does plasmodium do in the body? | back 13 It invades liver cells first, then burst out and infects red blood cells to eat the hemoglobin therefore leading to anemia in people. |
front 14 What is the difference between a Bikonta and a Unikonta? | back 14 Bikonta - Two Flagella Unikonta - One Flagella |
front 15 What shape do Excavata have? | back 15 Concave |
front 16 Diplomonads have two nuclei, modified with modified mitochondria called what? | back 16 Mitosomes |
front 17 Parabasalid (Excavata) have modified mitochondria called what? | back 17 Hydrogenosoams |
front 18 Termites have what in their gut to help digest wood? | back 18 Trichonympha |
front 19 What can lead to infections of the vagina? | back 19 Trichomonas |
front 20 What causes T. brucei African sleeping sickness? | back 20 The Kineotplastida, Trypanosomes |
front 21 What causes Chagas disease also known as South American sleeping disease? | back 21 T. cruzi |
front 22 Are Euglenophyta (Excavata) mixotrophs or heterotrophs? | back 22 Mixotrophs |
front 23 What does Stramenopila translate to? | back 23 Straw Whip |
front 24 What gives Golden Algae its golden color? | back 24 Carotenoid pigments |
front 25 Diatoms have a unique glass-like wall made of what? This helps with what? | back 25 Hydrated silica embedded in an organic matrix -Overlap like a shoebos and protects them from jaw-smashing predators |
front 26 What is a major component in phytoplankton? | back 26 Hydrated silica (test) |
front 27 What is the body of a Brown Algae? | back 27 Thallus |
front 28 What is the photosythentic pigment is Brown Algae called? | back 28 Fucocanthin |
front 29 What are the alternation of generations? | back 29 1. Sporophytes undergo meiosis to make spores 2. Spores undergo mitosis to make gametophytes 3. Gametophytes undergo mitosis to make gametes 4. Gametes undergo fertilization to make sporophytes |
front 30 What was responsible for the Irish potato famine? | back 30 Oomycota - Water Mold (SAR clade) |
front 31 What are Coccolithophores? | back 31 Stramenopila that are aquatic protists. We make chalk from them. They are photosynthetic. |
front 32 What is a bloom of Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)? Why is this dangerous? | back 32 A bloom of them is called a red tide, they can put out a toxin called saxitoxin – paralytic shellfish poisoning can come from eating shellfish that have absorbed the toxins from the dinoflagellates tides. |
front 33 Noctiluca undergo bioluminescence. What is this? | back 33 The giving off light in response to physical shock |
front 34 Why are Apicomplexa dangerous? | back 34 They have an apical complex that penetrates the host cell as a parasite. They secrete toxoplasma which is toxic to fetuses and is deadly in AIDS patients. (90% of humans have been infected with it in their lifetime) |
front 35 Ciliates (ciliophoran) (alveolate) are very complex heterotrophic cells covered in cilia. Why are the cilia important for the organism to be heterotrophic? | back 35 Some have barb like structures called trichocytes that are used to harpoon prey. They can also control each individual cilia. |
front 36 What are Rhizaria known for? | back 36 Thread like pseudopods. |
front 37 What are Radiolarian? | back 37 Photosynthetic marine with spiral pseudopods - part of the Rhizaria clade |
front 38 What are Cercozoa? | back 38 Mixotrophic predatory amoebae with test - Rhizaria Clade |
front 39 Why can Red Algae (archaeplastida) live in deeper water? | back 39 They have a pigment called phycoerythrin that can absorb the type of light that reaches deeper parts of water |
front 40 What gives Green Algae (archaeplastida) their color? | back 40 Chlorophylls A and B |
front 41 What is significant about Chlamydomonas flagella? | back 41 They can swim in a stoke like fashion |
front 42 What is a Volvox? | back 42 A colony of green alga |
front 43 What is Phycology? | back 43 The study of algae |
front 44 Unikonta are distinct because of what? | back 44 They only have a singular flagella |
front 45 What is Entamoeba? How is it spread? | back 45 It is a parasite in humans that leads to dysentery. It is usually spread through contaminated water. |
front 46 Naegleria is Unikonta that lives in hot springs. Why is it dangerous? | back 46 It crawls into nasal cavities and kills the host because of brain damage |
front 47 What are Nucleariidia? | back 47 Unikonta - with long threadlike pseudopods |
front 48 What are special about Choanoflagellata's flagella? | back 48 They can beat their flagella to capture food. They can also form multicellular groups. - Heterotrophic! |
front 49 How are all protists similar? | back 49 They are all Eukaryotes |
front 50 What were the dangers of plants moving on land? | back 50 desiccation, uv light, lack of buoyancy |
front 51 What helped plants move onto land? | back 51 Waxy cuticle, stomata (air holes), chlorophylls, xanthophyll’s, retain embryos “embyrophytes”, ligand to give strength to cell wall |
front 52 What are the similarities between charophytes and plants? | back 52 Cellulose cell walls, chlorophylls A and B, and Beta carotenoid, Rosettes of cellulose secreting enzymes, stacked thylakoid membranes |
front 53 How do mosses survive without a vascular system? | back 53 Perfusion - hence why they can't grow tall |
front 54 Why do Bryophytes have Rhizoids? | back 54 They anchor them to the soil and acts as a conduit for water and nutrients |
front 55 Name the stage of Bryophytes reproduction. | back 55 Haploid gametophyte stage to diploid sporophyte stage |
front 56 What are male and female Bryophytes and what do they do? | back 56 • Female Archegonium produces egg (in a female gametophyte) (retain
eggs) |
front 57 Why do Bryophytes need water for reproduction? | back 57 The sperm needs to swim to the egg |
front 58 What is a sporangium? | back 58 A tip of a sporophyte that holds and releases spores |
front 59 Describe peat blogs. What are they used for? | back 59 Layers of anaerobic and acid moss. They are used for fertilizer and fuel. |
front 60 What are Phloem and Xylem? | back 60 Vascular tissue |
front 61 What is a Lycophyta? | back 61 Seedless - Vascular plant - club moss |
front 62 What is a Monilophyta ? | back 62 seedless vascular plant - fern |