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Chapter 8

front 1

1) A gene is best defined as

A) any random segment of DNA.

B) three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.

C) a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product.

D) a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product.

E) the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA.

back 1

Answer: C

front 2

2) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template

B) RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template

C) DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA

D) transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA

E) DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA

back 2

Answer: B

front 3

3) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction (5' to 3') only.

B) The leading strand of DNA is made continuously.

C) The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer.

D) DNA replication proceeds in only one direction around the bacterial chromosome.

E) Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome.

back 3

Answer: D

front 4

4) DNA is constructed of

A) a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding.

B) two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A—C and G—T.

C) two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration.

D) two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between them.

E) None of the answers is correct.

back 4

Answer: C

front 5

5) Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?

A) a new strand of DNA

B) rRNA

C) tRNA

D) mRNA

E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription.

back 5

Answer: A

front 6

6) Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE?

A) The genes coding for them are on plasmids.

B) They cause food-poisoning symptoms.

C) Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative.

D) They can be used to identify certain bacteria.

E) Bacteriocins kill bacteria.

back 6

Answer: B

front 7

In Figure 8.1, which colonies are streptomycin-resistant and leucine-requiring?

A) 1, 2, 3, and 9

B) 3 and 9

C) 4, 6, and 8

D) 4 and 8

E) 5 and 6

back 7

Answer: D

front 8

Culture 1: F+, leucine+, histidine+

Culture 2: F-, leucine-, histidine-

8) In Table 8.1, what will be the result of conjugation between cultures 1 and 2 (reminder: F+ has a different meaning than Hfr)?

  1. A) 1 will remain the same;

2 will become F+, leucine-, histidine-

  1. B) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;

2 will become F+, leu-, his-

  1. C) 1 will become F-, leu-, his-;

2 will remain the same

  1. D) 1 will remain the same;

2 will become F+, leu+, his+

  1. E) 1 will remain the same;

2 will become F+ and recombination may occur

back 8

Answer: A

front 9

9) In Table 8.1, if culture 1 mutates to Hfr, what will be the result of conjugation between the two cultures?

  1. A) They will both remain the same.
  2. B) 1 will become F+, leu+, his+;

2 will become F+, leu+, his+

  1. C) 1 will remain the same;

recombination will occur in 2

  1. D) 1 will become F-, leu+, his+;

2 will become Hfr, leu+, his+

  1. E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

back 9

Answer: C

front 10

10) An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)

  1. A) inducible enzyme.
  2. B) repressible enzyme.
  3. C) restriction enzyme.
  4. D) operator.
  5. E) promoter.

back 10

Answer: A

front 11

11) Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

A) by a bacteriophage.

B) as naked DNA in solution.

C) by cell-to-cell contact.

D) by crossing over.

E) by sexual reproduction.

back 11

Answer: B

front 12

12) Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

A) mutation.

B) conjugation.

C) transduction.

D) transformation.

E) All of the answers are correct.

back 12

Answer: E

front 13

13) Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE?

A) It possesses a plasmid.

B) R+can be transferred to a cell of the same species.

C) It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals.

D) It is F+.

E) R+can be transferred to a different species.

back 13

Answer: D

front 14

14) The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes

A) DNA to break.

B) bonding between adjacent thymines.

C) base substitutions.

D) the formation of highly reactive ions.

E) the cells to get hot.

back 14

Answer: D

front 15

15) According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the

A) end-product must not be in excess.

B) substrate must bind to the enzyme.

C) substrate must bind to the repressor.

D) repressor must bind to the operator.

E) repressor must not be synthesized.

back 15

Answer: C

front 16

16) Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the

A) allosteric transition.

B) substrate binding to the repressor.

C) corepressor binding to the operator.

D) corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator.

E) end product binding to the promoter.

back 16

Answer: D

front 17

17) In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 4'?

A) adenine

B) thymine

C) cytosine

D) guanine

E) uracil

back 17

Answer: A

front 18

18) In Figure 8.2, if base 4 is thymine, what is base 11' (remember the complimentary configuration of bases in DNA)?

A) adenine

B) thymine

C) cytosine

D) guanine

E) uracil

back 18

Answer: B

front 19

19) In Figure 8.2, base 2 (and ONLY the base) is covalently bound/attached to

A) ribose.

B) phosphate.

C) deoxyribose.

D) thymine.

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

back 19

Answer: C

front 20

20) The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is

A) never repaired.

B) repaired during transcription.

C) repaired during translation.

D) cut out and replaced.

E) repaired by DNA replication.

back 20

Answer: D

front 21

21) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is

serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA?

A) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA

B) 3' AGACGTTTCAAT

C) 3' TCTCGTTTGTTA

D) 5' TGTGCTTTCTTA

E) 5' AGAGCTTTGAAT

back 21

Answer: B

front 22

22) Refer to Table 8.2. If the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is

serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, the coding for the antisense strand of DNA is

A) 5' ACAGTTTCAAT.

B) 5' TCTGCAAAGTTA.

C) 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA.

D) 3' UCUCGAAAGUUA.

E) 3' TCACGUUUCAAU.

back 22

Answer: B

front 23

23) Refer to Table 8.2 The anticodon for valine is

A) GUU.

B) CUU.

C) CTT.

D) CAA.

E) GTA.

back 23

Answer: D

front 24

24) Refer to Table 8.2. What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by the following sequence of bases in a strand of DNA (pay attention to the polarity of the DNA here)?

3' ATTACGCTTTGC

A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine

B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine

C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine

D) Translation would stop at the first codon.

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

back 24

Answer: D

front 25

25) Refer to Table 8.2. If an indeterminate frameshift mutation occurred in the sequence of bases shown below, what would be the sequence of amino acids coded for?

3' ATTACGCTTTGC

A) leucine-arginine-lysine-alanine

B) asparagine-arginine-lysine-alanine

C) asparagine-cysteine-valine-serine

D) Translation would stop at the first codon.

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

back 25

Answer: E

front 26

26) In Figure 8.3, if compound C reacts with the allosteric site of enzyme A, this would exemplify

A) a mutation.

B) repression.

C) feedback inhibition.

D) competitive inhibition.

E) transcription.

back 26

Answer: C

front 27

27) In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is a repressible enzyme, compound C would

A) always be in excess.

B) bind to Enzyme A.

C) bind to the corepressor for Gene a.

D) bind to RNA polymerase.

E) bind directly to gene a.

back 27

Answer: C

front 28

28) In Figure 8.3, if enzyme A is an inducible enzyme,

A) compound C would bind to the repressor for Gene a.

B) compound A would bind to the repressor for Gene a.

C) compound B would bind to enzyme A directly.

D) compound A would react with enzyme B directly.

E) compound C would react with gene a

back 28

Answer: B

front 29

29) Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation

A) replicates DNA.

B) transfers DNA vertically, to new cells.

C) transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.

D) transcribes DNA to RNA.

E) copies RNA to make DNA.

back 29

Answer: C

front 30

30) The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to

A) human DNA.

B) aquaticus DNA.

C) a mixture of human and aquaticus DNA.

D) human RNA.

E) aquaticus RNA.

back 30

Answer: A

front 31

Based on the information in Table 8.3, prostate cancer is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

  1. A) analog
  2. B) frameshift
  3. C) missense
  4. D) nonsense
  5. E) None of the answers is correct.

back 31

Answer: D

front 32

In Figure 8.4, the antibiotic chloramphenicol binds the 50S large subunit of a ribosome as shown (the light gray area is the large subunit, while the black shape is the drug). From this information you can conclude that chloramphenicol

A) prevents transcription in eukaryotes.

B) prevents translation in eukaryotes.

C) prevents transcription in prokaryotes.

D) prevents translation in prokaryotes.

E) prevents mRNA-ribosome binding.

back 32

Answer: D

front 33

33) The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is

A) catabolite repression.

B) translation.

C) DNA polymerase.

D) repression.

E) induction.

back 33

Answer: A

front 34

34) If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy?

A) the primary structure of the protein

B) the secondary structure of the protein

C) the tertiary structure of the protein

D) the quaternary structure of the protein

E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

back 34

Answer: A

front 35

35) An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate groups in another nucleotide in DNA is

A) RNA polymerase.

B) DNA ligase

C) DNA helicase.

D) transposase.

E) DNA polymerase.

back 35

Answer: B

front 36

36) An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is

A) RNA polymerase.

B) DNA ligase.

C) DNA helicase.

D) transposase.

E) DNA polymerase.

back 36

Answer: A

front 37

37) An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is

A) RNA polymerase.

B) DNA ligase.

C) DNA helicase.

D) transposase.

E) DNA polymerase.

back 37

Answer: D

front 38

38) Repair of damaged DNA, in some instances and mechanisms, might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and

A) DNA ligase.

B) DNA polymerase.

C) helicase.

D) methylase.

E) primase.

back 38

Answer: D

front 39

39) The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by

A) a chemical mutagen.

B) DNA polymerase.

C) photolyases.

D) snRNPs.

E) UV radiation.

back 39

Answer: D

front 40

In Figure 8.5, which model of the lac operon correctly shows RNA polymerase, lactose, and repressor protein when the structural genes are being transcribed?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

back 40

Answer: D

front 41

41) The miRNAs in a cell

A) are found in prokaryotic cells.

B) are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome.

C) are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome.

D) allow different cells to produce different proteins.

E) are responsible for inducing operons.

back 41

Answer: D

front 42

42) Assume the two E.coli strains shown below are allowed to conjugate.

Hfr: pro+, arg+, his+, lys+, met+, ampicillin-sensitive

F-: pro-, arg-, his-, lys-, met-, ampicillin-resistant

What supplements would you add to glucose minimal salts agar to select for a recombinant cell that is lys+, arg+, amp-resistant?

  1. A) ampicillin, lysine, arginine
  2. B) lysine, arginine
  3. C) ampicillin, proline, histidine, methionine
  4. D) proline, histidine, methionine
  5. E) ampicillin, proline, histidine, lysine

back 42

Answer: C

front 43

43) Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A) have exons.

B) have introns.

C) require snRNPS.

D) use methionine as the "start" amino acid.

E) use codons to determine polypeptide sequences.

back 43

Answer: E

front 44

1) Recombination will always alter a cell's genotype.

back 44

Answer: TRUE

front 45

2) Open-reading frames are segments of DNA in which both start and stop codons are found.

back 45

Answer: TRUE

front 46

3) Bacteria typically contain multiple chromosomes.

back 46

Answer: FALSE

front 47

4) Mutations that are harmful to cells occur more frequently than those that benefit cells.

back 47

Answer: TRUE

front 48

5) The miRNAs in a cell inhibit protein synthesis by forming complementary bonds with rRNA.

back 48

Answer: FALSE

front 49

6) Some cells may contain multiple genomes.

back 49

Answer: FALSE

front 50

7) Both base substitution and frameshift mutations can result in the formation of premature stop codons.

back 50

Answer: TRUE

front 51

8) In the Ames test, any colonies that form on the control should be the result of spontaneous mutations.

back 51

Answer: TRUE

front 52

9) Transposition (insertion of a transposon into a DNA sequence) results in the formation of base substitution mutations in a cell's DNA.

back 52

Answer: FALSE

front 53

10) Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur.

back 53

Answer: FALSE