front 1 Neurons | back 1 Nerve cells that store and transmit information |
front 2
| back 2 Synaptic pruning |
front 3 Which of the following statements about the cerebral cortex is true? | back 3 It is sensitive to environmental influences for a longer period than any other part of the brain. |
front 4 The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain is known as? | back 4 Lateralization |
front 5 _________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex | back 5 Early experience |
front 6 Which of the following learning experiences should Cheryl, a caregiver, use to promote experience-expectant brain growth? | back 6 Playing a game of peekaboo |
front 7 Between birth and 2 years, | back 7 The organization of sleep and wakefulness changes substantially. |
front 8 Rachel is concerned that she might accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him. What info can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in cultures where cosleeping is widespread? | back 8 Parents and infants usually sleep on hard surfaces, such as firm mattresses, floor mats, or wooden planks. |
front 9 The US dept of health and human services advises exclusive breastfeeding for the first ______ and inclusion of breast milk in the baby's diet until at least _________ | back 9 6months; 1 year |
front 10 Jack and Jamie are concerned that their chubby infant son angus will become an overweight adult. Which of the following steps can they take to help prevent that? | back 10 Limit the time angus spends in front of the t.v. |
front 11 Yolanda age 2, is being raised in Texas by a single mother. While Yolanda's mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda suffers from? | back 11 Food insecurity |
front 12 A researcher hangs a mobile over the crib of 4 month old. When the researcher attaches Anya's foot to the mobile with a long cord, Anya can by kicking, make the mobile turn. The turning of the mobile is an example of ? | back 12 Reinforcer |
front 13 Of all motor skills, __________ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development. | back 13 Reaching |
front 14 Piaget believed that infants and toddlers | back 14 "Think" with their eyes, ears, and hands. |
front 15 According to Piaget, specific psychological structures called ____________ are organized ways of making sense of experiences. | back 15 Schemes |
front 16 During ______, children use their current schemes to interpret the external world, whereas in __________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely. | back 16 Assimilation; accommodation |
front 17 Baby luigi retrieves his pacifier, which his mother has hidden behind a pillow. Baby lugging has begun to master? | back 17 Object permanence |
front 18 Recall is more challenging than recognition because it? | back 18 Involves remembering something that is not present |
front 19 Research on infantile amnesia suggest that Adults typically cannot remember events that happen during the first few years of life because? | back 19 Adults cannot translate early pre verbal memories into language |
front 20 In the form of teaching known as scaffolding, as a child's competence increases, the adult ... | back 20 Steps back, permitting the child to take more responsibility for the task. |
front 21 Research using HOME checklist reveals that the extent to which parents ________ is especially important in facilitating toddlers intelligence test performance | back 21 Talk to their infants and toddlers |
front 22 _______ is/are much better indicator than an early mental test score of how children will do later. | back 22 Warm, responsive parenting that builds on toddlers current capacities. |
front 23 Research showed that by age 3, children in early head start.... | back 23 Demonstrated gains in cognitive and language development |
front 24 Which of the following parent-child activities strongly predicts academic success during the school years? | back 24 Reading and talking about picture books |
front 25 Which of the following statements about the authoritative child rearing style is true? | back 25 Authoritative parents insist on mature behavior, give reasons for their expectations, and use "teaching moments" to promote the child's self regulation. |
front 26 Twenty-two-year old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, missy. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not have fully mastered the task of _____ and _____ during infancy and childhood. | back 26 Trust; autonomy |
front 27 John bowlby retained the psychoanalytic idea that... | back 27 Quality of attachment to the caregiver has profound implications for the child's capacity to form trusting relationships. |
front 28 According to bowlby, the _____ becomes a vital part of personality, serving as a guide for all future close relationships. | back 28 Internal working model |
front 29 In the strange situation, Olivia seems unresponsive to her mother when she is present. When her mother leaves, Olivia is not distressed. She reacts to the stranger in much the same way. Olivia is demonstrating characteristics of _____ attachment. | back 29 Avoidant attachment |
front 30 _______ is best described as a sensitively tuned "emotional dance". | back 30 Interactional synchrony |
front 31 Compared with securely attached infants , avoidant babies tend to receive ______ care. | back 31 Overstimulating, intrusive |
front 32 Parents who discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance, regardless of whether their experiences were positive or negative, tend to have _______ infants. | back 32 Securely attached. |
front 33 Research on child care in infancy has found that... | back 33 The relationship between child care and emotional well-being depends on both family and child-care experiences |
front 34 ______ increases the chance of sibling conflict | back 34 Lack of parental involvement |
front 35 2 year old Annmarie tells her mom, "l a good girl." This statement demonstrates that Annmarie is beginning to develope... | back 35 A categorical self |
front 36 Fibers linking the ____ to the _____ grow and myelinate from birth through the preschool years, contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination | back 36 Cerebellum; cerebral cortex |
front 37 The _____, located at the base of the brain, plays a critical role by releasing two hormones that induce growth. | back 37 Pituitary gland |
front 38 In the US, _______ is/are the leading cause of death among children more than 1 year old. | back 38 Motor vehicle collision |
front 39 According to Freud, children.... | back 39 Obey the superego to avoid guilt |
front 40 Piaget acknowledged that _______ is our most flexible means of mental representation. | back 40 Language |
front 41 Preschoolers who _____ are seen as more socially competent by their teachers. | back 41 Spend more time at sociodramatic play |
front 42 According to Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is.... | back 42 Egocentrism |
front 43 Conservation refers to the | back 43 Idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes |
front 44 In Paula's preschool classroom, children are encouraged to choose activities from a rich variety of materials designed to promote exploration. This preschool emphasizes the piagetian principle of... | back 44 Discovery learning. |
front 45 Three year old maya is asked to describe what happens at preschool . This task requires maya to use... | back 45 Scripts |
front 46 Dr. Wizda is assessing the home life of a preschool child using the HOME OBSERVATION FOR MEASUREMENT of the Environment (HOME). She observes the parent converse with the child four times during the visit. On which subscale should dr. Wizda record this observation? | back 46 Language stimulation |
front 47 Preschool viewing of educational television programming like Sesame Street is associated with..... | back 47 Getting higher grades, reading more books and placing more value on achievement in high school. |
front 48 According to erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is.... | back 48 Initiative versus guilt |
front 49 According erikson, preschoolers exuberant play and bold efforts to master new tasks break down when they.... | back 49 Are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults. |
front 50 Adults can avoid promoting self defeating reactions in children by... | back 50 Adjusting their expectations to children's capacities |
front 51 Research on emotional understanding shows that preschoolers.... | back 51 Focus on the most obvious aspect of an emotional situation to the neglect of other relevant information |
front 52 The more parents ________, the more "emotional words" children use and the better developed their emotional understanding. | back 52 Label emotions; explain them, and express warmth and enthusiasm when conversing with preschoolers |
front 53 Among western children, when guilt occurs appropriate circumstances and is not accompanied by shame, is related to... | back 53 Good adjustment |
front 54 Which of the following is an example of the direct parental influence on children's peer sociability? | back 54 Maxine arranges for her 4 year old to play with his friend at the park. |
front 55 Most theories of moral development agree that at first, a child's morality is ..... | back 55 Externally controlled by adults |
front 56 Truly moral individuals .... | back 56 Have developed compassionate concerns and principles of good conduct. |
front 57 According to Freud, children.... | back 57 Obey the superego o avoid guilt |
front 58 Research reveals that inductive discipline..... | back 58 Helps children notice others feeling and points out the effect of children's misbehavior on others |
front 59 Discipline that relies on ______ makes children so anxious and frightened that they cannot think clearly enough to figure out what they should do... | back 59 Threats of punishment or withdrawal of love |
front 60 Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all characteristics... | back 60 That increase a child's willingness to imitate a models behavior |
front 61 A few minutes in time out can be enough to change behavior and also allow parents.... | back 61 Time to cool off. |
front 62 Shelby tells her classmates not to play with Sophia because "she lies." This is an example of.... | back 62 Relational aggression. : damages another's peer relationships through social excuses, malicious gossip, or friendship manipulation. |
front 63 Reviewers of thousands of studies have concluded that TV violence... | back 63 Increases the likelihood of hostile thoughts and aggressive behaviors in viewers |
front 64 In Michaels preschool classroom, the girls spend more time in the housekeeping and art centers, while the boys with blocks and Legos. This is an example... | back 64 Gender typing |
front 65 Mark rates his personality as ambitious, competitive, affectionate, cheerful, and soft spoken. Marks response indicate.... | back 65 Androgynous gender identity |
front 66 Authoritarian parents.... | back 66 Rarely listen to the child's point of view |
front 67 Which of the following statements about the authoritative child rearing style is true? | back 67 Authoritative parents insist on mature behavior, give reasons for their expectations, and use "teaching moments"l to promote the child's self regulation. |
front 68 Bobby is anxious, unhappy, and has low self esteem. When frustrated, Bobby tends to react with hostility. His parents are most likely to fit which of the following child rearing styles? | back 68 Authoritarian |
front 69 Longitudinal research indicates that authoritative child rearing.... | back 69 Promotes maturity and adjustment in children of diverse temperaments. |
front 70 ______ and ________ are at the greatest risk for physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. | back 70 Preschool; School- age children |