front 1 What is not a polymer? | back 1 Starch |
front 2 What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? | back 2 Dehydration reactions |
front 3 How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? | back 3 10 |
front 4 What best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? | back 4 Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. |
front 5 The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking 3 glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? | back 5 C18H30O15. |
front 6 A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a.... | back 6 Monosaccharide. |
front 7 Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? | back 7 As a disaccharide. |
front 8 Which is not a polysaccharide? | back 8 Glucose. |
front 9 What is true about both starch and cellulose? | back 9 They are both polymers of glucose. |
front 10 What is true about cellulose? | back 10 It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. |
front 11 What is NOT true about saturated fats? | back 11 They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. |
front 12 A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a.... | back 12 Fatty acid. |
front 13 What is NOT true about the class of biological molecules known as lipids? | back 13 They are soluble in water. |
front 14 What is a triacylglycerol? | back 14 A lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol. |
front 15 What is true about saturated fatty acids? | back 15 They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. |
front 16 Large organic molecules are usually assembled by a polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. What is an exception to this statement? | back 16 A steroid. |
front 17 The hydrogenation of vegetable oil results in which of the following? | back 17 Saturated fats and unsaturated fats with trans double bonds, an increased contribution to artherosclerosis, and the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature. |
front 18 Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? | back 18 They are steroids, which are not soluble in water. |
front 19 What does not contain any amino acids? | back 19 Enzymes. |
front 20 The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires.... | back 20 the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. |
front 21 There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from the other? | back 21 Different amino groups attached to an alpha carbon. |
front 22 The bonding of 2 amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires what? | back 22 Removal of a water molecule. |
front 23 Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they.... | back 23 are synthesized by dehydration reactions. |
front 24 Dehydration reactions are used in forming what compounds? | back 24 Tricylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins. |
front 25 Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? | back 25 99 |
front 26 How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could b synthesized using the 20 common amino acids? | back 26 20^12 |
front 27 What bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? | back 27 Peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds. |
front 28 What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? | back 28 Hydrogen bonds. |
front 29 What type of interaction stabilizes rhe alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins? | back 29 Hydrogen bonds. |
front 30 The alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are both common polypeptides forms found in which level of proteins structure? | back 30 Secondary. |
front 31 The tertiary structure of a protein is the.... | back 31 unique 3D shape of the fully folded polypeptide. |
front 32 A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific 3D shape is a.... | back 32 disulfide bond. |
front 33 At what level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? | back 33 Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. |
front 34 The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2 -OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is -CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? | back 34 Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. |
front 35 What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 acids? | back 35 The primary structure of the protein would be changed, the tertiary structure of the protein might be changed, and the biological activity or function of the protein might be altered. |
front 36 Altering what level of structural organization could change the function of a protein? | back 36 Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. |
front 37 The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a protein's 3D shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds? | back 37 Denaturation. |
front 38 What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? | back 38 Chaperonin. |
front 39 DNAse is an enyzme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that joins nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated is DNAase? | back 39 All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. |
front 40 The main pruose of RNA is to.... | back 40 function in the synthesis of protein. |
front 41 What best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells? | back 41 DNA to RNA to Proteins |
front 42 What best describes the class of molecules known as nucleotides? | back 42 A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar. |
front 43 What are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? | back 43 Cytosine and uracil. |
front 44 What are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? | back 44 Guanine and adenine. |
front 45 If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? | back 45 COME BAck to |
front 46 The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA.... | back 46 contains one less oxygen atom. |
front 47 What best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA? | back 47 DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. |
front 48 In the double helix structure of nucleicacids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to.... | back 48 guanine. |
front 49 If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence.... | back 49 3'TAACGT5'. |
front 50 A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determined that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acids differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat. and 5 differences from a frog. This data suggests that the new organism.... | back 50 is more closely related to frogs than to humans. |
front 51 The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except.... | back 51 monosaccharides. |
front 52 What is a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules? | back 52 Lipids. |
front 53 What stores and transmits hereditary information? | back 53 Nucleic acids. |
front 54 Enzymes are.... | back 54 proteins. |
front 55 The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking 10 glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? | back 55 C60H102O51 |
front 56 The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the.... | back 56 primary level. |